auditory verbal hallucinations, Voicehearing Voicehearing
Conditions
Interventions
• VR-VOICES intervention: 10-12 sessions (this includes the 2 booster session) 
of 45-60 minutes of individual VR assisted therapy in addition to treatment as 
usual (TAU). 
• Control: TAU as described in the current Dutch guidelines.
Sponsors
Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen
Eligibility
Age
16 Years to 99 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: • DSM-5 diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder • Distressing AVH for minimally 3 months. • Age 16 years or older
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: • Insufficient command of the Dutch language • Unable to provide informed consent • Primary diagnosis of a substance use disorder, or organic brain disease (such as dementia) • A degree of substance abuse that hinders treatment adherence • Auditory verbal hallucinations in a language not spoken by therapists • Patients cannot receive CBT specifically focussed at gaining empowerment over voices.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Voices severity (frequency and distress): the total score on the auditory hallucinations scale of the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scales (PSYRATS interview). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Auditory hallucinations: 1. Experience sampling method (ESM) of AVH, distress and anxiety measured in the flow of daily life. ESM is a structured diary method for reporting momentary experiences 18. Individuals complete short questionnaires on their mobile device, by pressing a link in a sms. Participants will complete ESM 8x daily for 7 days, completion takes ±1 minute. 2. Voice frequency, voice distress, delusions (subscales of the primary outcome PSYRATS) 3. Beliefs about voice power, voice intent and responding styles (Beliefs about Voices Questionnaire-Revised, BAVQ-R) 4. Social comparison with voices (Social Comparison Rating Scale To Voices, SCRS) 5. Impact of voice-hearing (Stemmen Impact Schaal, SIS) 6. Voices acceptance and action scale (VAAS) Clinical symptoms: 1. Depressive symptoms (Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, IDS) 2. Paranoid ideation (Revised Green Paranoid Thoughts Scale, R-GPTS) 3. Self-esteem (Self Esteem Rating Scale, SERS) Care use, costs and quality of life: 1. Quality of life (EuroQol, EQ-5D-5L, Sheehan Disability Scale, SDS) 2. Health care costs and costs production losses (TiC-P) 3. Self-efficacy/empowerment (Mental Health Confidence Scale, MHCS) VR-VOICE group specific measurements: 1. Working Alliance Inventory, both for patient and therapist, completed at posttreatment. 2. Presence in 2 sessions (Igroup Presence Questionnaire, IPQ) 3. Experience of fit of the voice and avatar to the actual voice (two single items on a scale from 1-100), session duration, VR duration per session, goals, protocol deviations, notes and whether technical issues occurred • Subsample: After the VR-VOICES intervention, in-depth interviews will be performed to collect the experiences of patients with VR-VOICES. This will be done in a subsample of participants (n=20) | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Contacts
Public ContactCNW Geraets
Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen
Outcome results
None listed