Breast cancer
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: - Adult patients (18 years of age or older) - ASA I-III - Patients scheduled for elective unilateral mastectomy followed by direct reconstruction - Ability to give written and oral informed consent
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: - Patient refusal - Non-elective surgery - Any contraindication to paravertebral block (including bleeding diathesis, coagulopathy, severe pulmonary disease ) - Allergy to amide-linked local anaesthetics - Cardiac conductivity disorders (e:g: 2nd and 3rd AV-block) - Severe spinal malformations or history of extensive spine surgery - A history of spinal cord injury - Known psychiatric disorder - Chronic pain patients or patients already using opioids pre-operatively - Infection of the skin at the site of needle puncture area - Inability to give oral and written informed consent
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| - Mean difference of highest numerical rating score (NRS - a linear 11 point scale for self-reported pain) during admission in the recovery room - Difference in the ratio of the means of cumulative opioid dose (administered during admission in the recovery room) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| - Success rate as defined by satisfactory spread of local anaesthetic agents on ultrasound - Ease of procedure (self-reported by anaesthetist on scale of 1-5) - Total opioid dose administered on day 0 and on day 1 (iv, subcutaneous or oral - converted to morphine equivalent dose (MEQ) - Highest pain score on day 0 and 1 - Time to readiness for discharge from the recovery room - Complications of block (such as block failure, epidural hematoma, hemo- or pneumothorax and symptoms of toxicity of local anesthetics) - Patient satisfaction on a scale of 0 (extremely unsatisfied) tot 10 (extremely satisfied) | — |
Countries
Netherlands