Chronic Depression Treatment Resistant Depression
Conditions
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
ProPersona (Nijmegen)
Eligibility
Age
16 Years to 64 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: • Adult defined as 16 years or older; • Primary diagnosis is treatment resistant or recurrent depression according to DSM-5 criteria evident from the MINI 5.0; • IDS-SR score of 26 or higher, indicating average, severe or very severe depressive symptoms; • Evident from the intake interview report: a pattern of noticeable behaviour or internal experience which can be typed as traits of a personality disorder; • Evident from the intake interview report: a previously used evidence based psychological treatment (e.g. CBT, IPT, CBASP) or pharmacological treatment for treatment resistant depression or for the current depression in case of recurring depression;
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: • Primary diagnosis is personality disorder; • Current psychotic disorder; • Lifetime bipolar disorder, substance use disorder or autism spectrum disorder; • Insufficient mastery of the Dutch language; • Impossibility to give a valid informed consent; • Cognitive or intellectual impairments (IQ below 80) interfering with participation judged by the therapist; • Changes in treatment policy caused by suicidal ideations or medication changes; • Contraindication to group therapy at the end of the case conceptualization. The two most obvious indications are presence of Angry Child-Bully and Attack-Enraged Child coping mode.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Depressive symptoms as measured by the QIDS-SR. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Maladaptive schema strength: The five domains of the Dutch translation of the Young Schema Questionnaire 80 (YSQ-80) will be administered at baseline (Rijkeboer, 2008). Maladaptive and adaptive modi strength: Using the 118 items of the Short Schema Modi Inventory (Short SMI), 16 maladaptive modi 16 maladaptive modi and two adaptive modi will be measured (Lobbestael, van Vreeswijk, Spinhoven, Schouten, & Arntz, 2010). Selective memory bias: Participants will carry out the Self-Referent Encoding Task (SRET) to measure selective negative memory bias using schema words (Derry & Kuiper, 1981; Hammen & Zupan, 1984). Participants are presented with positive and negative self-descriptive words and have to indicate how self-relevant these words are. After a brief distraction task, their memory for these words is tested via een a free recall procedure. Propositional memory bias: Using a customised version of the Propositional Evaluation Paradigm (PEP) computer task, EMS-strength will be implicitly measured (Muller & Rothermund, 2019). Participants are presented with short sentences adapted from the YSQ-80 items and are asked to answer with *true* or *false. Using reaction time differences between *true* and *false* prompts, an implicit attitude can be measured. Mouse-tracking will also be used to assess the implicit attitude whilst an answer is being chosen. Trait rumination: The Rumination Response Scale (RRS-NL) will be used to measure trait rumination (Raes et al., 2009). Distancing from modi: The Inclusion of Others in the Self (IOS) measures interpersonal closeness and has previously been adapted for other uses like PTSS (Aron et al., 1992). A new and experimental version of the IOS has been made for measuring overlap with schema modi using the same item as the IOS but replacing *Other* with *Modi* called the Inclusion of Modi in the Self (IMS). Sense of Mastery: Sense of mastery will be measured using the RemoralisatieSchaal (RS) consisting o | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed