brain activation odour - fat in dairy milk
Conditions
Interventions
During fMRI, odours from fat sources will be presented using an olfactometer.
Ratings of odour liking, and intensity will be collected using 100-unit Visual
Analogue Scales.
Sponsors
Wageningen Universiteit
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 64 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: - Aged 18 - 55 at the time of inclusion - Normal BMI (18.5 - 25 kg/m2) - Self-reported healthy (see *F1-1 Screening Questionnaire*) - Willing to comply to study procedures - Willing to be informed about incidental findings of pathology and approving of reporting this to their general physician - Being a consumer of dairy milk (at least once per week) - Having a normally functioning sense of smell (scoring at least 12/16 on the Sniffin* Sticks test) - Being right-handed (as brain anatomy differences exist between left- and right- handed individuals)
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: - Regular smoker (smoking one or more cigarettes per day) - Having any dairy-related allergies or intolerances (self-reported). - Being pregnant, lactating or planning on becoming pregnant during the study period - Having a psychiatric, neurological, or eating disorder - Being employed by the Division of Human Nutrition and Health of Wageningen University - Participation in another medical-scientific study MRI-related Exlcusion Criteria: - Claustrophobic (self-reported) - Having a contra-indication to MRI scanning (including, but not limited to): - Pacemakers and defibrillators - Epilepsy or family history of epilepsy - Intraorbital or intraocular metallic fragments - Ferromagnetic implants - Presence of non-removable piercings on the head - Limited sight that is not corrected with contact lenses or cannot be corrected with our MRI safe glasses (maximum strength is +6 and -6) - For women: lactating, being pregnant, or using an IUD as anti-conceptive (with exception of the Mirena IUD, which is MRI safe).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Changes in brain activation (BOLD signal) due to olfactory exposure to different fat levels. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| - Fat discrimination ability (assessed using the DR A-not A discrimination testing methodology) - Quantitative ratings for odour intensity and liking, obtained using a continuous 100-unit visual analogue scale (VAS). | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed