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Conditions
Interventions
Part I: In this part of the study the pre-exercise availability of
carbohydrates will be manipulated. Before measuring maximal fat oxidation
during exercise, subjects will be randomly-assigned to a
Sponsors
Wageningen Universiteit
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: * Apparently healthy (self-reported) * aged between 20 and 35 * BMI between 18.5 to 27 kg/m2 * Recreationally active, defined as minimal of 3 hours training per week, and a maximum of 10 hours a week * The sport a participant is engaged in should be a game sport, endurance sport, or should at least contain a major endurance component. Examples of sports that can be included are: distance running, cycling, triathlon, crossfit, and game sports like soccer, rugby, handball, hockey, * For part 2 subjects should be used to prolonged cycling exercise * Able to be present and participate at all test days and willing and able to follow prescribed interventions
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: * Inactive (defined as 10 hours of training per week) * active in a sport without a major endurance component * Smokers, defined as someone who has smoked regularly in the previous year. * Excessive alcohol consumption (i.e. more than 14 units for males per week; 7 units for females) * Drug use * The more *extreme* diets (like veganism, ketogenic diet, raw-food, carnivore diet etc.) * Participation in another biomedical study possibly interfering with the study results within 1 month before the first study visit * Inability to participate and/or complete the required measurements * People working for the department of Human Nutrition and Health not having a GP
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The main study parameters are the MFO and FATmax as assessed with indirect calorimetry (VO2, VCO2) during a graded exercise test (35W/ 3min protocol). In order to calculate these values oxygen consumption (VO2), and CO2 production (VCO2) are measured. From these values the RER can be calculated, and fat oxidation will be quantified according to by the stoichiometric equations Frayn (1983). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Other parameters that can be obtained during the graded exercise test are: peak sustained power output (expressed in Watt), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), (maximal) heart rate and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during different stages of the graded exercise protocol. In addition, body composition, training history and dietary intake will be measured | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed