noninsulin dependant diabetes Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Conditions
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Universiteit Maastricht
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: General inclusion criteria: - Caucasian - Male and female - Ages 18 - 70 years - Generally healthy - Stable dietary habits (no weight loss/gain > 5 kg in the last 3 months), Group 1 and 2, normal weight to overweight/obese healthy control participants: - BMI > 18 and BMI 60ml/kg/min for males and VO2max > 45ml/kg/min for females - Active in endurance-exercise activities, 3 times a week for at least 2 years - Stable level of training for at least 3 months
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: - Regular smoking (in the last year) - Previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes - Alcohol consumption (men> 30g/d; women > 20g/d) - Medication use known to interfere with study parameters - Use of anti-coagulants (not thrombocyte-aggregation inhibitors) or other medication known to hamper blood coagulation. - Weight gain/loss > 5 kg in the last 3 months - Contraindications for MRI scans - Participation in other studies within 1 month before the start of this study. - Participants, who do not want to be informed about unexpected medical findings, or do not wish that their physician be informed, cannot participate in the study. - Any condition, disease or abnormal laboratory test result that, in the opinion of the investigator and the dependent physician, would interfere with the study outcome, affect trial participation or put the subject at undue risk. - Medication will be looked into per individual participant whether it interferes with the study outcome, affect trial participation or put the subject at undue risk, with special attention to the following medication: o Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors o Antipsychotics o Anticonvulsants o Thiazide diuretics o Beta-blockers o Corticosteroids o Levotyroxine o GnRH agonists o Nicotinic acid o Protease inhibitor o Fibrates o NSIADs o Anticoagulants
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| - Skeletal muscle content of DAG species and subcellular partitioning in athletes, sedentary insulin sensitive subjects and sedentary insulin resistant subjects (measured in muscle biopsies). - Activation and isotype form of protein kinase C in athletes, sedentary insulin sensitive subjects and sedentary insulin resistant subjects (measured in muscle biopsies at baseline and after insulin stimulation). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| - IMCL by 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - Insulin sensitivity by implementing a 1-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. - Metabolites in blood before and during insulin stimulation (i.e. glucose, free fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin) | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed