diabetes Type 2 diabetes
Conditions
Interventions
All participants will receive either 1700 mL of sodium acetate with a
concentration of 150 mmol/L or sodium bicarbonate with a concentration of 150
mmol/L administered intravenously over a period of
Sponsors
Academisch Medisch Centrum
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria healthy lean subject group: - Healthy Caucasian male or female - Age 40-65 - Women must be post-menopausal - BMI range of 19-25 kg/m² - Subjects should be able and willing to give informed consent. Inclusion criteria obese metabolic syndrome subject group: - Caucasian male or female with metabolic syndrome - Age 40-65 - Women must be post-menopausal - BMI range of 25-40 kg/m² - At least 3 out of 5 NCEP metabolic syndrome criteria: fasting plasma glucose * 5.6 mmol/L and/or HOMA-IR * 2.5, triglycerides * 1.6 mmol/L, waist-circumference > 102 cm, HDL cholesterol * 1.04 mmol/L, blood pressure * 130/85. - Subjects should be able and willing to give informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Exclusion criteria for all participants: - Systemic medication use, except for paracetamol - Oral or intravenous antibiotics in the past 3 months before inclusion - Smoking - Substance abuse - Excessive weight loss (> 10% in past 3 monts) - Overt diabetes mellitus type 2 - Malignancy (except for basal cell carcinoma) - History of major heart disease - History of major renal disease - Pregnancy or breast feeding - Implantable devices - Contra-indication for MRI, such as claustrophobia or pacemaker - Psychiatric illnesses: mood disorders, eating disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, dissociative disorders, somatoform disorders, delirium, dementia and other cognitive disorders - Simultaneous participation in other studies - Inability to understand the study protocol, give informed consent or participate adequately in study protocol
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The main study parameters are the differences in postprandial glucose and insulin levels upon a standardized mixed meal test (SMMT) consisting of Nutridrink after acetate infusion. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The secundary study parameters are postprandial incretins (GLP-1 and ghreline), insuline, glucose and lipid responses upon a SMM, subjective ratings of appetite in fasted state, after exposure to virtual food stimuli and upon a SMM and the CNS regulation of appetite upon virtual food stimuli and upon actual food stimuli (measured by both VAS questionnaire and functional MRI). | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed