geen aandoening n.v.t.
Conditions
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: - aged 18-25 or 60-70 years old - right-handed - normal (or corrected to normal) vision - having signed the informed consent - having a drivers licence for cars - older group: working in a paid job for at least 20 hours a week at the moment of participation in the study and in the 5 years preceding participation - younger group: spending at least 20 hours a week on full-time education - gender will be matched between the groups, so that the same proportion of each is present in both groups.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: - not matching the inclusion criteria - MR incompatable (posibility of any incompatible metal objects inside the body)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The main study parameters can be divided into parameters related to the MRI scans and parameters related to the cognitive tests. MRI scans: T1- and T2-FLAIR weighted scans will be used to derive volumetric data, measures of cortical thickness and percentage of white matter hyper intensities (relative to the total volume). Volume measures will be derived from the scans with regard to the following areas: 1) prefrontal cortex (grey matter); 2) right thalamus; 3) hippocampus; 4) left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; 5) pre-SMA (grey matter) and 6) whole brain (grey matter). Cortical thickness in the following regions of interest will be calculated: 1) left superior frontal gyrus; 2) left anterior inferior temporal cortex; 3) right superior and middle frontal gyri. The percentage of white matter hyper intensities will be computed for the whole brain (percentage in relation to total brain volume). The DTI scans will be used to calculate the fractional anisotropy (FA) value of the following regions of interest: 1) splenium; 2) anterior part of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus; 3) occipital lobe white matter; 4) parietal lobe white matter and 5) prefrontal cortex. Additionally the mean diffusivity (MD) value of the anterior part of the brain will be computed. Cognitive tests: The primary analysis considers the outcome measures of the 15 word test, the Simon task and the TMT. The TMT outcome measure consists of the time needed to perform part B of the test divided by the time needed to finish part A. The outcome measure of the Simon task is the mean reaction time on incongruent trials minus the mean reaction time on the congruent trials (the so called Simon effect).The 15 word test outcome measure of interest is the delayed recall score (number of words remembered 15 minutes after imprinting) will be used. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| For the secondary analyses the following parameters are of interest: MRI scans: From the T1- and T2-FLAIR weighted scans we derive the following main parameters for each participant: 1) volumetric data of grey matter, white matter and cerebral spinal fluid; 2) (mean) cortical thickness and 3) percentage of white matter hyperintensities in relation to the total brain volume. All parameters will be calculated for the whole brain and for the prefrontal cortex separately. The main parameters that will be derived from the DWI images are mean DTI scalar values (FA, MD, AD and RD) for the prefrontal cortex (division is made based on the FreeSurfer Brain Atlas) and the following white matter tracts (localized by tractography): the Uncinated Fasciculus, Splenium and Genu of the Corpus Callosum and the Cingulum. Cognitive tests: Main study parameters of cognitive performance consist of the default outcome measures of each cognitive task for each participant. For computer tasks these consist of: speed and accuracy. For the paper-pencil and verbal tests the main parameters consist of: number of correct words and repetitions (fluency), number of correctly pronounced words (crystallized intelligence) and number of items correct (fluid intelligence and mental imagery). Regarding outcome measures obtained in the driving simulator average speed, lateral road position and deceleration of a following car are analysed. In addition, heart rate (variability) as an indication of mental effort will be examined. | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed