Fysiologie Difference in gastric digestion between cow milk consumers that do or do not experience abdominal discomfort
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Drinking cow milk (maximum of 200ml/week for those who declare to not drink milk habitually and a minimum of 700ml/week for those who declare to drink milk habitually) Do report/do not report GI discomfort after milk consumption (depending on study group) Not lactose intolerant (tested with lactose breath test) Female BMI:18.5 * 30 kg/m2 Age: 18 - 60 years Healthy (self-reported) Having given informed consent Need to be willing to be informed about incidential findings of pathology
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Having a history of medical or surgical events related to the GI tract that may give rise to GI complaints Medical drug use that influences the GI tract*s normal function, e.g. the motility, pH etc: among others use of proton pump inhibitors, antacids, anti-depressants etc. Medical drug use that influence the GI tract*s microbiom: antibiotic use within 1 months prior to the pre-study screenings day Daily consumption of probiotics Weekly use of laxatives Lactose intolerance (medically diagnosed) and cow milk allergy Reported unexplained weight loss or weight gain of > 5 kg in the month Reported slimming or medically prescribed diet, vegan or macrobiotic life-style Alcohol consumption of more than 14 glasses/week Smoking more than 4 cigarettes a day Being pregnant, having the intention to get pregnant, lactating or being under postmenopausal hormonal treatment Not having a general practitioner Having a contra-indication to MRI scanning
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Gastric emptying half-time (t50) derived from gastric content (volume in mL) over time. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Subjective GI symptoms, thirst and appetite. | — |
Countries
Netherlands