Developmental coordination Disorder/clumsy children
Conditions
Interventions
Developmental coordination Disorder (DCD)
gait
obstacle avoidance
Sponsors
Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum
Eligibility
Age
2 Years to 11 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: -age 6 to 12 years;In order to be eligible to participate in this study, a subject must meet all of the following criteria (according to the DSM-V criteria for DCD): - the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (mABC - second edition) assesses the motor abilities of the children. Children can only be diagnosed with DCD group if they have a total mABC-2 score at or below the 16th percentile or the score at the balance component of the mABC-2 is at or below the fifth percentile. - Motor impairment significantly interferes with daily life and/or academic achievement. This is judged by the medical specialist and can be further assessed by using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q) or Groninger Motoriek Observatieschaal (GMO). - The motor impairment is not caused by a medical condition. The diagnosis cannot be made if the IQ is 70 or lower. ;If the diagnosis DCD is not made by a medical specialist, the research criteria for DCD are used as inclusion criteria: - M-ABC-2: total score
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: - Neurologic, orthopedic or severe visual problems - Severe behavioral problems - Temporary physical complaints that might influence walking
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Case control study (part 1) Gait will be measured during overground walking and while walking on the C-mill. The C-mill is a treadmill with embedded force plates. On this treadmill visual stimuli can be projected. During undisturbed walking, gait characteristics, like step length, width and variability, will be determined. An obstacle avoidance (C-mill) task will be performed with and without dual tasks, with failure rate as main outcome measure. For all these measures the scores of the children with DCD will be compared to reference data. Intervention study (part 2) The measurements as described in part 1 are the main study parameters in the evaluation of the intervention. These outcomes will be measured directly after the intervention and after 6 months follow up. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| case control study (part 1) Secondary outcomes are determined during a motor plan and online correction task (for further description of the tasks see paragraph 6.2 in the protocol). During the motor plan task, step length, width and time (both mean and standard deviation) in the two steps before the target and the lead step that contacts with the target are measured, as well as the approach distance. The main outcome for the online correction task is the error in foot placement relative to the target position. To compare the results of the gait measurements on the C-mill, also overground walking and obstacle avoidance performance will be assessed. This will be done by means of a 10 meter walking test (comfortable and fast walking), a standardized obstacle course based on the obstacle subtask of the Emory Functional Ambulation Profile and stepping in a step ladder. For all three measurements time will be assessed and for the latter two also number of failures and losses of balance will be determined (for further description of the tasks see paragraph 6.2 in the protocol). Furthermore, the Motorische Competentiebelevingsschaal voor Kinderen(CBSK-M) will be used to measure perceived athletic competence. Intervention study (part 2): During the intervention study, fall incidence will be measured as secondary outcome measure. The parents will be assessed regarding fall problems of their child. Information regarding the fall frequency and injuries related to falls in the prior 6 months before participating in the study will be collected. During the 6 months follow-up after intervention parents will be asked to register the falls of their children on monthly fall calendars. On this calendar parents can write on each day whether a fall incident has taken place. This way of registering falls is recommended by the Prevention of Falls Network Europe (ProFaNe) . After a fall has taken place, parents are requested to fill out a questionnaire regarding | — |
Countries
The Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed