Depression
Conditions
Interventions
The patients in the intervention group receive a treatment of 16 sessions EMDR
& CBT (maximum of 6 sessions EMDR followed by CBT). Patients in the control
group will follow 16 sessions CBT. Randomiz
Depression
EMDR
Sponsors
Parnassia (Den Haag)
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 64 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: In order to be eligible to participate in this study, a subject must meet all of the following criteria: * a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MINI) * presence of disturbing intrusive imagery associated with negative (traumatic) life event in the onset and/or course of the depressive disorder * able to undergo psychotherapy * willingness to receive EMDR on stressful memories * the patient is currently not using antidepressants or the use of antidepressants has been unchanged for at least six weeks and no change in the use of antidepressants is planned
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: * a primary diagnosis other than major depressive disorder * estimated IQ below 70 * substance dependence
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The primary outcome measure is depression severity measured with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS; Hamilton, 1960) The 17-item HDRS is a clinician rating that consists of depressive symptoms that are recorded using 5- or 3-point scales reflecting presence and severity over the past week. To enhance the interrater reliability the HDRS will be queried with the structured interview guide for the HDRS (SIGH-D; Williams, 1988). This structured interview has proven to produce uniformly higher item- and summary-scale reliabilities than the unstructured HDRS (Moberg et al., 2002; Allen et al., 2010). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Remission from depression, which will be defined as a score of * 6 as administered with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS; Riedel et al., 2010). To test self-reported depression severity the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report (IDS-SR) will be used. The IDS-SR is a self-report questionnaire (Rush, Gullion, Basco, Jarrett, & Trivedi, 1996) and consists of 30 items (rated zero to three), each describing a depressive symptom in four levels of severity. The IDS-SR asks for all DSM cores symptom domains including mood, cognitive and psychomotor symptoms, but also covers commonly associated symptoms including anxiety. The IDS-SR has high internal consistency (*=0.92, Rush et al., 2003). Remission is defined as an IDS-SR-30 score of 14 or less. The Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report (IDS-SR) will also be used as a weekly before sessions measurement of self-reported depressive symptoms to assess speed of recovery. Two visual analogue scales will be used to measure decrease of emotionality and vividness of the most distressing (memory) image (Leer, Engelhard, & Van Den Hout, 2014). | — |
Countries
The Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed