Healthy shoulder biomechanics
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: No current or past shoulder complaint (bilateral);Further definition: Visual Analogue Scale for shoulder-pain of
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: History of shoulder complaints (e.g. pain, instability, dysfunction) Definition: patients who received medical attention for a shoulder complaint or experienced shoulder complaints (impaired function or experienced pain) > 1 week. No full range of motion during physical examination History of malignancy History of traumatic shoulder injury History of fracture of the shoulder History of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis Frozen shoulder Previous shoulder injections or shoulder surgery History of neurologic disease or muscle disease Diabetes mellitus No informed consent Insufficient Dutch language skills Pacemaker or other electronic devices.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Scapulothoracic movement (posterior tilt = scapular rotation in the sagital plane) | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Three dimensional electromagnetic motion analysis (see paragraph 6.1.3) Scapulothoracic motion (i.e. protraction, lateral rotation and tilt) at various abduction angles. Gropho (see paragraph 6.1.4) * Acromio-humeral (AH) distance on standard AP radiograph at rest: AHrest. * Acromio-humeral (AH) distance on AP radiograph in isometric abduction: AHabd. * Dynamic cranial translation is measured by: AHrest - AHabd = dAH . * Scapular spine-humeral-head center (SHC) at rest, SHCrest. * SHC during an isometric abduction task, SHCabd. * SHC at rest, SHCrest. * dynamic SHC, dSHC = SHCrest - SHCabd. * absolute EMG activity and activation ratios. For further explanation, see sections 6.1.4 and 6.1.6. External force controlled electromyography (see paragraph 6.1.5) * absolute EMG activity and activation ratios. For further explanation on EMG activity calculations, see sections 6.1.5 and 6.1.6. Clinical evaluation (see paragraph 6.1.7) * Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) for pain. * Constant score. * SF-36. | — |
Countries
The Netherlands