Gedrag Not applicable
Conditions
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Universiteit Maastricht
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: A subject must meet all of the following criteria: - Male - 25-34 years old (birth year 1981 * 1990) - Caucasian - At least 3 years smoking Marlboro as usual brand - Used to smoke between 13 and 25 cigarettes a day (around a package/day)
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: A potential subject who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation: - Heavy smoker (minimum of 25 cigarettes/day) - Smokes more than one brand on a regular base. - Amount of cigarettes per day varies ±10, between days - Daily medication use - Experienced adverse effects due to smoking - Suffering chronic illness
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Monitoring *habitual* smoking behavior, regarding the moments during the day the cigarettes are smoked, and how they are smoked (smoking topography) differing per cigarette. Output: a table with smoked cigarettes per participant with the associated nicotine and CO(Hb) measurement, and the smoking topography of each cigarette (puff volume, puff duration, puff interval, puff flow). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Nicotine, cotinine, COHb and leukocyte differentiation in blood per time points per participant. COHb measured with the finger sensor. Nicotine, cotinine, kreatinine and ureum in urine per time points per participant. Smoking-related DNA adducts in saliva per time points per participant. VOCs (1,3butadiene and benzene) and aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein) in breath per time points per participant. Metabolic state parameters (ASAT, ALAT, bilirubin, sodium, potassium, urea, TSH, CRP) only measured in baseline samples per participant. | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed