Iron deficiency in CKD
Conditions
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Laboratoriumgeneeskunde
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Age range: 18-80 years 2. CKD stage III-IV (GFR of 15-60 ml/min /1.73m2) 3. Iron deficient and an indication for treatment with ferrous fumarate, that is Hb
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Patients already under treatment with iron (orally or intravenously), or finished iron treatment
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Blood uremic toxin levels (13 uremic toxins: hippurate, indoles (indoxyl sulfate, indoxyl glucuronide and indole-3-acetic acid, tryptophan metabolites (kynurenine, kynureninic acid and quinolinic acid), phenols (phenyl acetic acid, phenyl sulphate, phenyl glucuronide, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (CMPF), p-cresyl sulfate and p-cresyl glucuronide), before, during, and after iron treatment. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| • Faecal uremic toxin levels (13 uremic toxins; see above), before, during, and after iron treatment • Gut microbiome composition, before, during, and after iron treatment • Gut microbial proteolytic activity by faecal ammonia, before, during, and after iron treatment • Blood ammonia levels, before, during, and after iron treatment • Faecal iron content (for correlation with the gut microbiome composition) • Other blood parameters: Hb (hemoglobin), MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume), Fe, TIBC (Total iron binding capacity), ferritin, CRP (C-reactive protein), creatinine (estimation GFR). o The transferrin saturation will be calculated based on TIBC and Fe. | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed