Developmental Coordination Disorder / Clumsy children
Conditions
Interventions
- Group 1: Motor Imagery Training
This group will receive 9 treatment sessions of 45 minutes. Because only motor
imagery exercises will be to abstract for these children, we choose to combine
the mo
Sponsors
Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen
Eligibility
Age
2 Years to 11 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: The inclusion criteria for children with DCD are (according to the DSM-V criteria for DCD): - motor ability substantially below expected given the chronological age of the child (criterion A) - the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (mABC - second edition) will be used to assess the motor abilities of the children. Children can only be included in the DCD group if they have a mABC at or below 16th percentile. - Motor impairment significantly interferes with daily life and/or academic achievement (criterion B). Only children that are referred to the centers for training of their motor abilities are included in this study. Referral for training of motor abilities is a strong indication that the motor impairment either causes problems in daily life, or with academic achievement. In addition, as recommended, the DCD Questionnaire (DCDQ) will be used to assess whether the motor impairment has an impact on the daily life or academic achievement of the child - Onset of symptoms is in the early developmental period (criterion C) as evidenced by their referral to a centre for training of their motor abilities between the ages of 7-12 years.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Exclusion criteria (criterion D): - Any medical condition that could cause the motor impairment (checked by a questionnaire filled in by the parents of the children) - An IQ
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The primary outcome measures are the difference in motor abilities (mABC), motor imagery, motor planning and online control abilities before and after the treatment period. Motor abilities will be tested with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (mABC). An improvement of 5 to 10 percentile score on the mABC is considered as a clinical relevant improvement. Motor imagery, motor planning and online control will be tested by means of three experimental tasks. In these tasks reaction time (RT), number of errors/accuracy and the actual planning of a movement ahead of time will be recorded. In addition, by using video recordings and observation schemes, the execution of the trained motor skills will be compared before and after the training. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Demographic variables including gender, age and co-morbidity. | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed