health limitations poor well-being social isolation
Conditions
Interventions
Experimental condition: Happiness Route
The intervention builds on the existing intervention Happiness Route (Toolkit
Geluksbudget, 2008) but is formalized and strengthened with the help of
existing
Sponsors
Universiteit Twente
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: - Age: >= 18 years - Social isolation: a score of 3 or higher on the loneliness scale (de Jong Gierveld & Van Tilburg, 1999) - Low socioeconomic status: a low educational level (VMBO/LBO/MULO/MAVO or less) or few financial means (we use the CBS budget approach which includes income for basic means as well as participation, i.e., 1.000euro per month for a single household and 1370euro for a couple; CBS, 2011). - Health limitations, i.e. at least one health limitation on the EQ5D (Brooks, 1996)
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: - High positive mental health: a high score on the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (Lamers et al., 2010) - one standard deviation above the mean of the Dutch population, i.e. 4.83 or higher, to avoid ceiling effects. - Serious depression: a score of 26 or higher on the Center for Epidemiology Depression Scale (CES-D) (Radloff, 1977; Bouma et al, 1995). - Crisis situation: candidates who are in a (psychiatric) crisis or addicted to alcohol or drugs, or homeless, or having high debts, judged by the counselor during the intake - Insufficient linguistic and cognitive skills to be able to fill in the questionnaires, judged by the counselor during intake
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Positive mental health is the primary outcome. It is measured with the Dutch Mental Health Continuum - Short Form (MHC-SF; Lamers, Westerhof, ten Klooster, Bohlmeijer, & Keyes, 2011; Lamers, Glas, Westerhof & Bohlmeijer, 2012; Westerhof & Keyes, 2008). The MHC-SF is a 14-item questionnaire that measures three core dimensions of positive mental health (Keyes, 2002) that also match the three dimensions of the definition of the World health Organization (2004): emotional well-being (3 items), psychological well-being (6 items), and social well-being (5 items). Participants are asked to rate the frequency of feelings they have experienced in the past month. Items are scored on a 6-point scale ranging from *never* to *every day. Higher scores indicate better well-being. The instrument has good psychometric properties (Lamers, Westerhof, ten Klooster, Bohlmeijer, & Keyes, 2011; Lamers, Glas, Westerhof & Bohlmeijer, 2012; Westerhof & Keyes, 2008) and is sensitive to change (Fledderus, Bohlmeijer, Smit & Westerhof, 2010; Korte, Bohlmeijer, Cappeliez, Smit, & Westerhof, 2011). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The following well-validated instruments will be used to measure secondary outcomes: Loneliness: the eleven-item loneliness scale developed by De Jong Gierveld and Van Tilburg (1999); Depression: the Dutch version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977, Bouma et al., 1995); Consumption of care: items from the TIC-P (Hakkaart-van Roijen et al., 2002). Vektis, the Dutch information centre for care, will compare the use of health care between the experimental and control group; Purpose in life: the purpose in life scale developed by Ryff (1989; Ryff & Keyes; 1995); Resilience: Dutch Resilience Scale (Wagnild & Young, 1993; Portzky et al., 2010); Social participation: items that assess (volunteering) work, social contacts and activities, derived from several nationally representative surveys, such as CBS-POLS and LISS. Health-related quality of life: The Dutch version of the EuroQol EQ5D (Brooks, 1996); | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed