emotion/anger regulation problems
Conditions
Interventions
Participants will be administered testosterone/placebo.
Sponsors
Vrije Universiteit
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: We will control for influences of hormonal change due to menstrual cycle by only including women who use single-phase contraceptives, and testing them during the 3-week period they are on these contraceptives and not during menstruation. In this time window, menstrual-cycle influences are virtually absent. In order to be eligible to participate in this study, a subject must also meet all of the following criteria: - Age 18-65. - Fluent in Dutch
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Subjects will be screened to exclude psychiatric, metabolic, and neurological conditions participated in the experiment. Volunteers who use medication or report noxious health behaviors (drug abuse including excessive alcohol, smoking, and caffeine, and abnormal sleeping habits, e.g., too little sleep), chronic health problems, or psychopathology are excluded from the study. Additionally, participants are screened for depression and anxiety using the 13-item Beck Depression Inventory (Bouman, Luteijn, Abersnagel, & van der Ploeg, 1985) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Van der Ploeg, Defares, & Spielberger, 1980). Also, to control for extraneous variables, participants will abstain from caffeine containing drinks or food, smoking, and minimize physical exercise on the day of the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Anger will be induced using a validated procedure (Keltner, Ellsworth, & Edwards, 1993; Strack, Schwartz, & Gscheidinger, 1985). Aggression and feelings of anger will be measured with an aggression task of which the construct validity is well established (DeWall et al., 2013; Slotter et al., 2012). It has been used for decades as a reliable and valid measure of laboratory aggression. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Individual differences in trait anger (Trait Anger Scale, TAS; Spielberger, 1999) and in behavioral activation and behavioral inhibition (Behavioral Inhibition Scale/ Behaviral Activation Scale, BIS/BAS; Carver & White, 1994) will be conducted as well. To see whether effects of motivation and testosteron on aggression depends on individual differences. | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed