type 2 diabetes
Conditions
Interventions
Subjects will consume a 60% surplus hypercaloric diet composed of a
self-selected, eucaloric healthy ad libitum diet plus a HFHS drink five times a
day either before 11:30 (group 1) or after 19:30 (
Sponsors
Academisch Medisch Centrum
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: - Male - BMI 23-27 kg/m2 - Age 18-55 year - Stable weight 3 monthes prior to study inclusion
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: - First degree with DM - Use of any medication - Any medical condition - History of psychiatric disorder - Shift work - Irregular sleep pattern - Intensive sport (>3 week) - Restrained eaters - History of eating disorders - Lactose intolerance - Smoking, XTC, apmphetamine or cocaine abuse - Alcohol abuse (>3/day) - Contraindication MRI
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| To determine the effects of hypercaloric high-fat high-sugar snacks in the morning or evening on: - Insulin sensitivity - Cerebral serotonin transporter binding and 5-HT functionality - Correlation between serotonin function and insulin sensitivity | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| To determine the effects of hypercaloric high fat-high high-sugar snacks in the morning or evening on: - Accumulation of hepatic and visceral fat mass - Free fatty acid (FFA) and triglyceride levels - Appetite hormones: gutpeptides and leptin - Sleep duration - Resting energy expenditure - Sympathetic and parasympathetic balance: heart rate variability, skin temperature - Motivation and impulse control (functional MRI) - Neuropsychological functioning: craving, hunger feeling and impulsivity (questionnaires) - Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis: cortisol | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed