depression depressive illness
Conditions
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Age between 20 and 50 years Subjects should be capable of keeping an electronic diary three times a day, sampling saliva while filling out the electronic diary, abstaining from eating or drinking (except water) during 30 minutes before sampling, wearing an accelerometer 24 hours a day;Depressed subjects: A diagnosis of Major Depressive Episode according to DSM-IV criteria at the moment of inclusion;Non-depressed subjects: No diagnosis of Major Depressive Episode, Minor Depressive Episode or Dysthymic Episode according to DSM-IV criteria at the moment of inclusion
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: A current diagnosis or diagnosis anywhere in the past two years of a Psychotic Disorder or Bipolar Disorder Somatic disorders that severely affect functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis or the autonomic nervous system (ANS) Medication that severely affect functioning of the HPA axis or the ANS Significant visual or hearing impairments Pregnancy
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Mood will be measured with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson, Clark and Tellegen 1988), with two additional items, namely *happy* and *sad*, which has shown to be a short and valid instrument for the daily assessment of mood (Wenze et al. 2006). Physical activity levels will be tracked with an accelerometer, the ActiCal® (Respironics, Bend, OR, USA). Output of this instrument will be presented as Energy Expenditure (EE) and Metabolic Equivalent of Task (METs). Actigraphy will be complemented with a newly developed questionnaire that covers the nature and context of physical activities and motivations for being physically active. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Saliva will be sampled three times a day, by means of a synthetic swab to determine concentrations of several biochemical compounds (hormones and enzymes), including cortisol, alpha-amylase and melatonin, as indicators for HPA-axis activity, ANS-activity, and circadian phase, respectively. Sleep quality will be measured with (part of) the Pittsburgh Sleep Diary (PghSD; Monk et al. 1994), because sleep can have significant effects on mood. Other activities and cognitions influencing physical activity and mood, such as social interactions, important events, rumination, and self-esteem will be assessed by means of items adopted from previous experience sampling studies (De Vries 1992; Myin-Germeys et al. 2009). At baseline, following the diagnostic interview, sleep habits will be assessed with the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ; Roenneberg et al. 2007), cognitive vulnerability with the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS-A; Weissman & Beck 1978), self-esteem with the Rosenberg*s Self-Esteem Scale (SES; Rosenberg 1965), mastery with the Pearlin Mastery Scale (PMS; Pearlin & Schooler 1978) and neuroticism with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revisited Short Scale (EPQ-RSS; Eysenck et al. 1991). Potential confounders such as smoking, alcohol/drug consumption, body weight and menstrual cycle and phase will be registered as well. | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed