anxiety separation anxiety
Conditions
Interventions
A treatment protocol that is designed around a specially developed mobile
device (an adapted iPhone Touch).
Sponsors
Vrije Universiteit
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Criteria for participation in this study are: being at least 18 years of age; having a visual disability in accordance to WHO criteria (blind persons are excluded); having an IQ between 40 and 70 (moderate to mild) acquired their disability before adulthood; regularly becoming distressed when left alone as shown on the PIMRA (see instruments); the capacity to physically use the touch-screen of the mobile device.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Adults with the diagnoses Autism Spectrum Disorder will be excluded from this study as well as persons who are deaf.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| All messages sent by the client and the caregivers will be registered on a webbased computerized data collection system. The kind of emotional message sent and the frequency of these in the different phases of the research will be used to examine the increasing quality of client-caregiver interaction and differentiation among caregivers. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Outcome variables: Instruments First it is important to note that although quite a variety of instruments are mentioned, caregivers will only be asked to fill out the items that are of concern to this study. Secondly, the care organizations which employ caregivers will receive compensatory funding for the time they need for completing the questionnaires. The client*s mentor will be asked to answer the questionnaires. An independent caregiver will support the client in completing some of the questionnaires. Outcome variables: Separation distress, loneliness & challenging behaviour - The Psychopathology Inventory for Mentally Retarded Adults (PIMRA) (Matson, Van Minnen & Hoogduin, 1994): It is one of the most widely administered and researched instruments in assessing psychopathology in individuals with developmental disabilities. This scale consists of 56 true/false items within eight subscales: Schizophrenia, Affective Disorder, Psychosexual Disorder, Adjustment Disorder, Anxiety Disorder, Somatoform Disorder, Personality Disorder, and Inappropriate Adjustment. The psychometric properties have been widely studied and suggest that overall it is a reliable and valid screening measure of psychopathology in persons with ID. Only the 7 items on *anxiety disorder* will be used with a scoring time of approximately 3 minutes. - The health of the nation outcome scales learning disabilities (Honos-LD) (Roy, Matthews, Clifford, Fowler & Martin, 2002) will be used to measure risk and vulnerability of mental health problems that suits the needs of people with learning disabilities. Only item 3D (Anxiety, phobias, obsessive or compulsive behavior) will be used with a scoring time of approximately 1 minute. - Sociale redzaamheidschalen verstandelijk gehandicapten (SRZ/SRZi). SRZ/SRZi Social ability scales for people with ID (Kraijer, Kema, & Bildt, 2004): The SRZ has a Cohen*s kappa for reliability of between r = .66 and .89 and adequate validity. Onl | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed