humane blootstelling aan estrogenen via melkconsumptie niet van toepassing
Conditions
Interventions
Volunteers will be asked to drink 1.5 l cow*s low-fat (*halfvolle*) milk per
day for 7 days. 3 days prior to the intervention and during the intervention,
the participants will remove dairy products
Sponsors
Universiteit Utrecht
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Volunteers (20) will be recruited at the campus of Utrecht University (de Uithof, living within 30 min travel). Healthy young males (20-23 year-old) are selected to reduce the possibility of confounding (see also exclusion criteria). A person is regarded healthy if they have none of the health problems described under exclusion criteria. Only Dutch Caucasian males are selected because of their likely encounter with dairy products, limiting the risk of health problems due to milk allergies or lactose intolerance during the study. Males are chosen for their low estrogen levels, making it possible to measure subtle concentration changes in urine. In addition, participants should have an adequate command of Dutch in order to avoid language problems with filling out questionnaires.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Volunteers that have dairy intolerance or allergies are excluded to avoid health problems due to the nature of the study. Potential volunteers with a deficiency in liver metabolism or hormonal afflictions are excluded from this research to avoid confounding of the results on urinary hormone levels. Vegetarians are excluded from this study because of a possible high dietary intake of phytoestrogens. Smokers are excluded in view of induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Participation in other medical-scientific investigations could result in confounding in all involved studies. Women are excluded because of monthly menstrual-cycle related variations in systemic estrogen levels and children are excluded because of ethical reasons.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Changes in the levels of estrogens, testosterone and metabolites in urine resulting from milk consumption. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Hormone extracts of the urine samples are tested in two in vitro bio-assays for detection of estrogenic and androgenic activity. | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed