pathological indifference
Conditions
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Universiteit Maastricht
Eligibility
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: - Idiopathic Parkinson*s disease as defined by the criteria of the United Kingdom Parkinson*s Disease Brain Bank, regarding the inclusion of Parkinson*s disease patients (Hughes, Daniel et al. 1992). - Apathy as defined by a score equal or higher than four on the apathy subscale of the Neuro Psychiatric Inventory (NPI), regarding the apathy groups (Cummings, Mega et al. 1994; Cummings 1997). - Depression as defined by the criteria stated in the DSM-IV, regarding the depressed patients (DSM-IV 1994). - Informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: - Other concurrent neurological diseases than PD. - Concurrent psychiatric diseases (e.g. dementia). - Use of psychopharmacological medication. - Abuse of alcohol and/or drugs. - Cognitive deterioration as operationalised by a score of
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| - Atrophic brain processes observed in all groups (both grey matter atrophy and white matter hyper-intensities), measured by Voxel Based Morphometry imaging. - Performance on neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological tests. - Correlation between the abovementioned points. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Not applicable. | — |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed