None listed
Conditions
Interventions
During fMRI, odors will be presented using an olfactometer. Accompanying visual cues will be used to create an e-cigarette and food context. Ratings for odor liking, intensity of odor sweetness, inten
Sponsors
Wageningen University
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: - Light cigarette smoker or non-smoker - Susceptible to e-cigarette use - Normal olfactory function according to the Sniffin’ Sticks identification test - Good proficiency of the Dutch language - Right-handed - Aged 18-55 years at the time of inclusion - Normal BMI (between 18.5-25 kg/m2) - Healthy as defined by the screening questionnaire - Willing to comply with the study procedures - Willing to be informed about incidental findings of pathology and approving of reporting this to their general physician - Willing to refrain from using drugs other than tobacco and alcohol for one week before the test session
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: - Dislike the odors under investigation - Allergic or hyper sensitive reaction to yoghurt - The use of prescribed or non-prescribed medication in the month prior to the test session, other than occasional use of pain medication (such as paracetamol and NSAID’s) or oral contraceptives - Have a history of drug or alcohol dependence - Have a psychiatric, neurological, or eating disorder or chronic medical condition - Be employed by the Division of Human Nutrition and Health of Wageningen University or doing an MSc internship/writing a thesis at the Sensory Science and Eating Behavior chair group within the Division of Human Nutrition and Health of Wageningen University - Participation in another medical-scientific study (except for EetMeetWeet) - Claustrophobic (self-report) - Having a contra-indication to MRI scanning (including, but not limited to): pacemakers and defibrillators, epilepsy or family history of epilepsy, intraorbital or intraocular metallic fragments, ferromagnetic implants, presence of non-removable piercings. - Limited sight that is not corrected with contact lenses or cannot be corrected with our MRI safe glasses (maximum strength is +6 and -6) - For women: lactating, being pregnant, or using a IUD as anti-conceptive (with exception of the Mirena IUD, which is MRI safe).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The brain response to odors in reward-related brain areas, measured with fMRI | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Behavioral measures of odor perception (liking, intensity of sweetness, intensity of savoriness, willingness to try), reward sensitivity, impulsivity, psychological impact of living in food-abundant environments, and smoking/vaping characteristics | — |
Contacts
Public ContactErna Krüsemann
RIVM
Outcome results
None listed