loneliness low mental health social isolation low SES
Conditions
Interventions
The "Happiness route" builds on insights from economic theory ("nudging", i.e., a gentle push in the right direction) and from positive psychology ("mental health promotion"). Participants are encoura
Sponsors
University of Twente, Enschede
Arcon, Borne
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Age: >=18 years; 2. Social isolation: A score of 3 or higher on the loneliness scale (de Jong Gierveld & Van Tilburg, 1999); 3. Low socioeconomic status (SES): A low educational level (VMBO/LBO/MULO/MAVO or less) and/or few financial means (we use the CBS budget approach which includes income for basic means as well as participation, i.e., 1.000euro per month for a single household and 1370 euro for a couple; CBS, 2011); 4. Health limitations, i.e. at least one health limitation on the EQ5D (Brooks, 1996). All inclusion criteria must be fulfilled: A participant must be an adult with a low SES (low education or few financial means or both), who is social isolated, has health limitations, and is capable of taking part in the study.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. High positive mental health: A high score on the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (Lamers et al., 2010). To avoid ceiling effects, we use a score of more than one standard deviation above the mean of the Dutch population (i.e., 4.83 or higher) to exclude candidates; 2. Serious depression: A score of 26 or higher on the Center for Epidemiology Depression Scale (CES-D) (Radloff, 1977; Bouma et al, 1995); 3. Crisis situation: Candidates who are in a (psychiatric) crisis, or who are addicted to alcohol or drugs, or who are homeless or who have high debts, judged by the counselor during the intake; 4. Insufficient linguistic and cognitive skills to be able to fill in the questionnaires, judged by the counselor during intake.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Positive mental health (Dutch MHC-SF, Lamers et al., 2011). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Loneliness; 2. Depression; 3. Consumption of care; 4. Purpose in Life; 5. Resilience; 6. Social participation; 7. Health-related quality of life. | — |
Contacts
Public ContactAad Francissen
Arcon, Geluksacademie Azelosestraat 25
Outcome results
None listed