Schema therapy, Older adults, Personality disorder, Borderline
Conditions
Interventions
This study is a multiple baseline design.The design consists of three phases.
First, a baseline phase varying in length from four to eight weeks in which core beliefs are identified. No therapeutic
Arntz & van Genderen, 2011) and participants case conceptualization.
The third and final phase is a follow-up phase which lasts six months and includes monthly booster sessions in which the aim is to
Sponsors
TRANZO, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences
Professor Cobbenhagenlaan 125, 5037 DB, Tilburg
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria are a primary diagnosis of BPD, increased scores on the traits negative affectivity, disinhibition, and psychoticism of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), absence of chronic somatic comorbidity which seriously affects daily life functioning, minimum age of 60 years and willingness to participate in the study.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Exclusion criteria are severe depression, bipolar disorder, psychotic disorder (other than transient stress-related psychosis, if this overlaps with criterion 9 of BPD), IQ under 80, substance dependence that needs clinical detoxification and neurocognitive disorder expressed by a MMSE-score below 25.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The primary outcome measure is the weekly assessed strength of idiosyncratic beliefs. These beliefs are evoked by a semi-structured procedure during the baseline phase. Each participant formulates three to five idiosyncratic dysfunctional beliefs they believe to be central to their personality disorder. Participants will rate the degree they believe each statement on a visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 to 100% credibility. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Quality of life is assessed by the Dutch WHOQOL-BREF (Trompenaars, Masthoff, Van Heck, Hodiamont, & De Vries, 2005). The WHOQOL-BREF is a self-report measure that consists of 26 items, which are rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Research in two samples of older adults, with mean ages of 73 and 76 years, showed good reliability and satisfactory construct validity (Low, Molzahn, & Kalfoss, 2008). Psychological distress is measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI; Derogatis, & Melisaratos, 1983). The BSI is 53-item self-report measure, which is rated on a 5-point rating scale. The reliability and validity of the BSI are good, with reliability coefficients ranging from .68 to .91 (Morian & Tan, 1998), and the Dutch version of the BSI has been validated in older adults (de Beurs, 2011) Early maladaptive schemas are measured with the Dutch Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ; Sterk, & Rijkeboer, 1997). The questionnaire consists of 16 subscales and includes 205 items, which are phrased as negative core beliefs and rated along a 6-point Likert scale. In a clinical sample with a mean age of 33.9 years (range 18-74) the YSQ showed good reliability and convergent and discriminant validity (Rijkeboer & Van Den Bergh, 2006). The YSQ measures EMS scales equally across age (Pauwels, Dierckx, & Claes, 2014). Schema modes are assessed by the Dutch Short Schema Mode Inventory (Lobbestael, van Vreeswijk, Spinhoven, Schouten, & Arntz, 2010). It consists of 14 subscales and includes 118 items which must be rated on a 6-point Likert scale. This questionnaire has acceptable internal consistencies (Cronbach α’s from .79 to .96) and moderate construct validity (Lobbestael, van Vreeswijk, Spinhoven, Schouten, & Arntz, 2010). Current severity of BPD is assessed with the Dutch version of the BPDSI (Arntz et al., 2003), a semi-structured interview which assesses the frequency and severity of BPD symptoms during the last three months. The BPDSI consists of nine sections, one for each o | — |
Contacts
Public ContactDavid Khasho
Outcome results
None listed