Obesity
Conditions
Interventions
Participants will join 4 test days during which they receive 3 main test meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) and in-between meals snacks according to one of the 4 diets. The 4 diets of this study are: 1)
Sponsors
Wageningen University
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: • Between 18-55 years old at the day of inclusion • Able to understand and speak English fluently or without difficulty (self-report) • BMI 18.5-30 kg/m2 – measured by the researchers at the end of information meeting (after signing informed consent) • Good general health and appetite (F1 questionnaire self-report) • Commonly (5 out of 7 week days) eating three meals a day every day around approximately the same times.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: • Difficulties with swallowing, chewing and or eating in general • Suffering from an endocrine or eating disorder, gastrointestinal illness or illness of the thyroid gland, respiratory disease or diabetes. • Having taste or smell disorders (self-report) • Braces (not including a dental wire) or oral piercing • Smoking • Consuming on average more than 21 glasses of alcohol per week (21) • Not willing to stop using drugs during the study period (from inclusion till last test session) • Use of medication that may influence study outcomes (self-report) • Allergies or intolerance to any ingredient of the test meals or snacks • Not willing to eat the test food because of eating habits or believes. • Following a vegetarian or vegan diet • Lactose intolerant • Men having facial hair such as a beard as facial movements cannot be analysed. • Followed an energy restricted diet during the last 2 months • Gained or lost 5 kg of body weight over the last half year • High restrained eater according to the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire • Signed up for participating in another research study • Employee of Human Nutrition department of Wageningen university • Thesis student or intern at the chair group of Sensory Science and Eating Behaviour Human Nutrition (WUR). • Intensive exercising more than 8 hours per week • Low score (< -1) for liking the test foods on a nine point likert scale based on pictures of the food items. • Unfamiliar with the test foods (self report).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Daily energy intake | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Energy intake rate, oral processing characteristics | — |
Contacts
Public ContactDieuwerke Bolhuis
Wageningen University
Outcome results
None listed