Calories, artificial sweeteners, carbohydrates, sugars, sweetness, brain activation, reward, nutrient sensing, taste activation. Calorieën, zoetstoffen, koolhydraten, suikers, zoetheid, hersenactivatie, beloning, nutrient detectie, smaak activatie.
Conditions
Interventions
There are two interventions:
1. Hunger and sated: Participants will undergo one fMRI scan while sated (a meal will be offered to the participant by the researchers) and one fMRI scan while hungry
2. Exposure to divers types of sugars and sweeteners: During the two scans (hunger and sated) different types of sugars and sweeteners will be offered in a randomized order. The stimuli offered are su
Sponsors
Wageningen University
Division of Human Nutrition (Bode 62)
PO Box 8129
6700 EV Wageningen
Phone: 0317 – 485302
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Age: 18-35 years; 2. Being female; 3. BMI: 18.5 – 25.0 kg/m2; 4. Healthy (as judged by the participant); 5. Being right handed; 6. Willing to comply with the study procedures; 7. Willing to be informed about incidental findings of pathology; 8. Having given written informed consent; 9. Successful completion of the training session.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Restraint eating (women: score > 2.80); 2. Lack of appetite; 3. Having difficulties with swallowing/eating; 4. Usage of an energy restricted diet during the last two months; 5. Weight loss or weight gain of 5 kg or more during the last two months; 6. Stomach or bowel diseases; 7. Diabetes, thyroid disease, other endocrine disorders; 8. Having a history of neurological disorders; 9. Having taste or smell disorders; 10. Usage of daily medication other than oral contraceptives or Paracetamol; 11. Being pregnant or lactating; 12. Smoking more than one cigarette/cigar a day; 13. Being allergic/intolerant for products under study; 14. Exclusive consumption of ‘light’ versions of products; 15. Avoidance of ‘light’ versions of products; 16. Working at the Division of Human Nutrition (WUR); 17. Current participation in other research from the Division of Human Nutrition (WUR); 18. Having a history of or current alcohol consumption > 28 units per week; 19. Having a contra-indication to MRI scanning (including, but not limited to): A. Claustrophobia; B. Epilepsy or a family history of epilepsy; C. Pacemakers and defibrillators; D. Intraorbital or intraocular metallic fragments; E. Ferromagnetic implants; F. Presence of non-removable metal objects in the mouth.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The main outcome of this study is the difference in taste activation in response to exposure to different caloric and non-caloric food stimuli, independent of sweetness (i.e. the difference in voxel activation in the brain). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. The 1st secondary outcome is taste activation in response to caloric and non-caloric stimuli during hunger and during satiety (i.e. the difference in voxel activation in the brain); 2. The 2nd secondary outcome is the correlation between taste activation in response to exposure to caloric and non-caloric stimuli and subject characteristics like reward sensitivity, delayed discounting and impulsivity(i.e. the correlation between voxel activation in the brain and scores from the following questionnaires/tasks: the Kirby monetary choice questionnaire, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), the Health and Taste Attitude questionnaire (HTAS), the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Approach System questionnaire (BIS/BAS), a stroop task and an n-back task. | — |
Contacts
Public ContactInge Rijn, van
Bomenweg 2
Outcome results
None listed