The study is conducted in a sample of healthy volunteers.
Conditions
Interventions
Expectation induction
Participants in the effective treatment expectations groups will be told that the training they will receive is a widely used training known to be very effective for pain relief
Sponsors
Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1) 18-35 years 2) Fluent in Dutch
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1) Severe physical or psychological morbidity that could adversely affect study participation (e.g., heart and lung diseases, or DSM psychiatric disorders), 2) Chronic pain complaints (= 6 months) at present or in the past, 3) Current pain (>1 on 0-10 numerical rating scale), 4) Raynaud’s disease, 5) Extensive injuries of the hand or lower arm, 6) Current use of (analgesic) medication (e.g., analgesic in last 24 hours), and 7) Current pregnancy or breastfeeding, 8) Consumption of alcohol (>1 glass) or drug in last 24 hours.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Average pain unpleasantness during the post-intervention cold pressor test (CPT, maximally 3-minute immersion, with ratings every 30 seconds on a numerical rating scale ranging from 0 no pain – 10 most unpleasant pain imaginable). In the analyses, this will be controlled for average pain unpleasantness during the baseline CPT. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Average pain intensity during the post-intervention CPT, controlled for average pain intensity during the baseline CPT. Additional exploratory outcomes are detailed in the analysis plan (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/H98WT, https://osf.io/h98wt/). | — |
Contacts
Public ContactKaya Peerdeman
Leiden University
Outcome results
None listed