infectious diseases, influenza, viral and bacterial co-infections, carriage (in Dutch: infectieziekten, griep, virale en bacteriele infecties, dragerschap)
Conditions
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM)
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. ≥ 60 years of age; 2. Willing to present when influenza-like-illness (ILI) symptoms occur; 3. Signed Informed Consent.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: N/A
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Presence of influenza A and B virus in nasal swab during ILI episodes. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Subtyping of influenza viruses in case of influenza infection; 2. Antibody levels to influenza virus; 3. Presence of viral (other than influenza A or B) and bacterial microorganisms in nasal and transoral nasopharyngeal swabs respectively after reporting of ILI by the participants during ILI episodes and 8 weeks later. The following micro-organisms will at least be screened by PCR or conventional bacterial culture: human parainfluenza virus, RSV A and B, adenovirus, coronavirus, hMPV, human rhinovirus, bocavirus and polyomaviruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, S. aureus, N. meningitidis and B. pertussis. Other pathogens might be added if diagnosis is still inconclusive or if other pathogens become prevalent during this season. Additional pneumococcal serotyping may be performed by multiserotype PCR; 4. Presence of S. pneumoniae in saliva; 5. Antibody levels towards viral and bacterial pathogens present in the swabs as identified by PCR or bacterial culture; 6. A SF-36 (short-form health survey) questionnaire at baseline. | — |
Contacts
Public ContactR.A.J. Boxtel, van
Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9-11
Outcome results
None listed