The study is conducted in a sample of healthy volunteers.
Conditions
Interventions
Participants in the experimental condition receive a verbal suggestion stating that the upcoming heat stimuli are expected to be experienced as non-painful (strong under prediction).
Participants in
Sponsors
Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. 18-30 years 2. Good understanding of written and spoken English
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Severe physical or psychological morbidity (e.g., heart and lung diseases, or DSM psychiatric disorders) that could adversely affect study participation 2. Chronic (≥ 6 months) pain complaints at present or in the past 3. Current pain (≥ 3 on 0-10 numerical rating scale) 4. Current use of medication 5. Use of pacemaker 6. Pregnancy
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Experienced pain intensity during the first heat stimulus of moderate to high intensity directly following the suggestion, as assessed on a numerical rating scale (0 no pain – 10 worst pain imaginable). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Expected pain intensity of the second heat stimulus of moderate to high intensity following the suggestion, as assessed on a numerical rating scale (0 no pain – 10 worst pain imaginable). | — |
Contacts
Public ContactKaya J. Peerdeman
Outcome results
None listed