Autism Spectrum Disorder Autisme Spectrum Stoornis Social Defeat Social Exclusion Sociale Uitsluiting Psychosis Psychose Dopamine
Conditions
Interventions
Procedures for ASD patients (n=45) and healthy controls (n=24) are the same, except for the first testing day, on which patients with ASD additionally complete the ADOS-2. All participants (ASD patien
Sponsors
GGZ Rivierduinen Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Maastricht University
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Patients: DSM-5 diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. 2. Age: 18-30 years.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Healthy controls: DSM-5 diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. 2. Autism Spectrum Disorder due to a known organic disorder (¡°Syndromal ASD¡±, e.g., due to Fragile X syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, 22q11 deletion syndrome). 3. Neurological disorder (e.g., epilepsy) or evidence of brain damage. 4. History of meningitis. 5. Intellectual disability (IQ50mg), but last use has been more than 6 months ago. 12. Current use of ADHD medication (e.g. methylphenidate). Individuals who have stopped using these drugs for at least one year can participate in the study. 13. Current use of benzodiazepine or promethazine, unless last use has been more than 1 month ago. 14. Current use of other psychotropic drugs. Individuals who have stopped using the drugs for at least 3 months can participate in the study. Exclusion criteria directly related to MRI and PET/CT scanning: 15. Smoking during the period of three hours prior to the PET/CT scan and eating or using caffeinated drinks during the period of six hours prior to the PET/CT-scan. 16. Participation in a scientific examination where radiation was used, in the last year. 17. Positive urine drug screen on the day of the PET/CT scan. Participants will be tested on cannabis, amphetamines, cocaine and opiates. 18. In women: lactation or positive pregnancy test on the day of the PET/CT scan. 19. Metal objects in or around the body.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Relation between [18F]DOPA influx (Ki) value and total score on UCLA Loneliness Scale (v3) in non-psychotic individuals with ASD. 2. The [18F]DOPA influx (Ki) value in non-psychotic individuals with ASD compared to the [18F]DOPA influx (Ki) value in healthy control participants. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Degree of ostracism (Ostracism Experience Scale for Adolescents; OES-A); 2. Extent of perceived informal support (Interpersonal Support Evaluation List; ISEL); 3. The desire for acceptance and belonging (Need to belong scale); 4. Degree of exposure to bullying before age 17 (Bullying questionnaire); 5. Size of social network (Lubben Social Network Scale; LSNS); 6. Nicotine, alcohol and drug use (CIDI, sections B, J and L); 7. ADHD symptoms (ADHD Rating Scale-IV); 8. Socioeconomic status (BSMSS); 9. Childhood trauma (CTQ); 10. Depression (BDI-II); 11. Anxiety (STAI-T); 12. Age; 13. Family composition and the history of a psychotic disorder in a first-degree relative (FIGS); 14. Intellectual functioning (Dutch Adult Reading Test; DART); 15. Psychotic symptoms (CAARMS); 16. Confirmation of autism diagnosis (ADOS-2, in patients only); 17. Autistic traits (AQ); 18. Urbanicity, based on residence in three different time frames: current residence / longest residence age 0-10 yrs / longest residence age 10-20 yrs; 19. Handedness; 20. Structural MRI; 21. [18F]DOPA influx in the whole striatum and functional subdivisions of the striatum (limbic, sensorimotor, associative); 22. In patients: subtype and date of prior clinical ASD diagnosis; 23. Weight/length. 24. Number of sub-clinical psychotic experiences (PQ-16) | — |
Contacts
Public ContactRik Schalbroeck
Sandifortdreef 19
Outcome results
None listed