E171, Titanium dioxide, Gut inflammation, Biomarker E171, Titanium dioxide, Darm inflammatie, Biomarker
Conditions
Interventions
This study is a cross-over design, including only healthy volunteers. A cross-over design was chosen because it is the most appropriate design for this study: it will reduce the individual differences
Sponsors
Maastricht University
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: - Healthy with a Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18-27, male or female - Between 18-70 years old
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: - Alcohol abuse up to 6 months before participation in this research, i.e. more than 4 drinks on any single day and more than 14 drinks per week for men and more than 3 drinks on any single day and more than 7 drinks per week for women - Current presence of any diseases related to the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, liver, heart or lungs - Current presence of symptoms related to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, i.e. vomiting, diarrhoea or constipation, and altered stool, such as blood in stool - Current presence of diseases related to the endocrine or metabolic system - Current presence of anaemia - HIV infection or hepatitis - Use of antibiotics and other prescribed medication and painkillers over the last 3 months (exception: paracetamol and anti-contraceptive) - Current smokers - Vegetarians - Pregnant women - Participants of other intervention studies during this intervention period. - Participants who use anticoagulant medicine
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The primary outcome parameters are differences in transcriptomic markers after consumption of food additive E171. These outcomes in humans will shed light on the relevance of markers identified in preclinical studies, and how the animal data on the risk of facilitation of tumour growth can be extrapolated to humans | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Secondary outcome parameters include inflammatory markers such as ROS in the rectal epithelium. These outcomes will help to understand the inflammatory mechanisms that may be indicative of the risk to developing colorectal cancer. | — |
Contacts
Public ContactHéloïse Proquin
Outcome results
None listed