Lower Limb Surgery, Pain, Phantom Limb Pain After Amputation, Stump Pain, Amputation
Conditions
Brief summary
The goal of this randomized controlled clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of postoperative bupivacaine infusion through a perineural catheter in managing postoperative pain and to determine the opioid consumption among patients undergoing major lower-limb amputation surgery. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does postoperative bupivacaine infusion through a perineural catheter provide better postoperative pain control as compared to intravenous opioid analgesia alone? * Does postoperative bupivacaine infusion through a perineural catheter reduce intravenous opioid consumption within the first 48 hours after surgery compared with intravenous opioid analgesia alone? * Does the postoperative Bupivacaine infusion through perineural catheter help in reducing the phantom pain at 6 months follow-up?
Interventions
Bupivacaine (0.125%) infusion will be stated Postoperatively
The opioid infusion will consist of the standard of care for pain control (Tramadol 10mg/ml, morphine 2mg IV ) after major amputation. Infusion rate and dosage will be determined as per the requirement for the individual patient.
Saline will be started through the peri-neural catheter postoperatively
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
* Patients aged 18 and above * Patients undergoing lower limb amputation. * ASA status I to IV. * Patients under general or spinal anaesthesia
Exclusion criteria
* Patients with no allergies to study drugs (inje Bupivacaine 0.125%, Inje Tramadol, Inje Morphine) * Pregnant and lactating patients * Patients who require post-operative ventilatory support in ICU * Those with open wound of amputation stump * Procedures performed under peripheral nerve block
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Postoperative Pain | First pain assessment will be done after half hour of PACU stay. Subsequently pain will be assessed at six hours, 12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours postoperatively. | Postoperative pain will be measured at different timepoints through numerical rating scale (NRS). NRS is 10 points scale , where '0' represents 'no pain' and '10' represents the worst pain imaginable. |
| Opioid consumption | Opioid consumption will be assessed 48 hours postoperatively | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Incidence of phantom limb pain | At 6 months Postoperatively |