Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, Adhesive Capsulitis
Conditions
Brief summary
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) on range of motion, pain, and shoulder function in patients with frozen shoulder.
Interventions
OTHERPNF Exercise
(PNF) Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
OTHERExercise
Conventional Physiotherapy
Sponsors
Ondokuz Mayıs University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
Participants were eligible if they met all of the following criteria: * aged 18 years or older; * clinically diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) and classified as stage II or III; * had other shoulder pathologies excluded by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); * had experienced shoulder pain for at least 3 months * voluntarily participated in the study and provided written informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
* concomitant shoulder pathologies such as rotator cuff tears or tendinitis * neurological disorders that could affect shoulder function * a history of shoulder surgery * inability to comply with the exercise program * mental or cognitive impairments
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | through study completion, an average of 1 year | Pain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale, which ranges from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst imaginable pain. Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity and a worse outcome. |
| Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) | through study completion, an average of 1 year | Shoulder pain and disability will be assessed using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, which consists of 13 items divided into two subscales: pain (5 items) and disability (8 items). The total score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater pain and disability and a worse outcome. |
| Simple Shoulder Test (SST) | through study completion, an average of 1 year | Shoulder function will be assessed using the Simple Shoulder Test, which consists of 12 yes/no questions regarding shoulder function. The total score ranges from 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating better shoulder function and a better outcome. |
| Lateral Scapular Slide Test (LSST) | through study completion, an average of 1 year | Scapular position will be assessed using the Lateral Scapular Slide Test, which measures the distance between the inferior angle of the scapula and the corresponding thoracic spinous process at specified shoulder positions. The measurement is recorded in centimeters. As this test measures scapular position rather than a scored scale, there is no fixed minimum or maximum score. Greater side-to-side differences in scapular distance indicate greater scapular asymmetry, whereas smaller differences indicate greater symmetry. The interpretation of this measure should consider the measurement position and the clinical context. |
| Range of Motion (ROM) | through study completion, an average of 1 year | Shoulder range of motion will be assessed using goniometric measurements and recorded in degrees (°). The minimum and maximum values depend on the direction of movement assessed and the measurement protocol; therefore, no single fixed range applies to all shoulder movements. For shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation, higher values generally indicate greater range of motion and a better outcome, provided that the movement is pain-free and does not involve compensatory movements. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed