Periodontitis, Obesity (Body Mass Index >30 kg/m2)
Conditions
Keywords
obesity, inflammation, periodontal therapy, saliva, cytokines
Brief summary
This prospective controlled clinical study included 80 participants allocated into four groups according to body mass index (BMI) and periodontal status: obese periodontitis, normal-weight periodontitis, obese periodontally healthy, and normal-weight periodontally healthy. Clinical periodontal parameters and salivary levels of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and adiponectin were assessed at baseline in all participants. Individuals with periodontitis received non-surgical periodontal therapy, and clinical and biochemical evaluations were repeated after 3 months.
Detailed description
This study was designed to investigate the interaction between obesity and periodontitis in terms of clinical periodontal status and systemic inflammatory burden, as well as to evaluate whether obesity modifies the response to non-surgical periodontal therapy. Participants were categorized into four groups according to body mass index (BMI) and periodontal status: obese individuals with periodontitis, normal-weight individuals with periodontitis, obese periodontally healthy controls, and normal-weight periodontally healthy controls. Clinical periodontal parameters, including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP), were recorded at baseline. Salivary inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were analyzed to assess systemic and local inflammatory profiles. Non-surgical periodontal therapy was performed in participants diagnosed with periodontitis. Clinical and salivary parameters were re-evaluated following treatment to determine therapeutic response. The primary objectives were: (1) to assess whether obesity is associated with differences in baseline periodontal and inflammatory parameters, and (2) to determine whether obesity influences the clinical and inflammatory outcomes of non-surgical periodontal therapy.
Interventions
PROCEDUREScaling and Root Planing (SRP)
Non-surgical periodontal therapy consisting of scaling and root planing was performed using hand and ultrasonic instruments under local anesthesia when necessary. Supra- and subgingival plaque and calculus were removed. Oral hygiene instructions were provided to all participants. Treatment was completed within the standard clinical protocol.
Sponsors
Emine Çifcibaşı
Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
25 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
Adults aged 25-50 years For periodontitis groups: diagnosis of periodontitis according to clinical criteria (presence of periodontal pockets and clinical attachment loss) For healthy control groups: absence of clinical signs of periodontitis Body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m² for obese groups Body mass index (BMI) 18.5-24.9 kg/m² for normal-weight groups Systemically healthy individuals No periodontal treatment within the previous 6 months Willingness to participate and provide informed consent -
Exclusion criteria
Presence of systemic diseases that could affect periodontal status or inflammatory response (e.g., diabetes mellitus, autoimmune disorders) Use of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, or immunosuppressive medications within the past 3 months Periodontal treatment within the previous 6 months Current pregnancy or lactation History of smoking or current tobacco use Presence of acute oral infections other than periodontitis Any condition that could interfere with study participation or outcome assessment \-
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) After Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy | Baseline to 3 months | Probing pocket depth (PPD) was measured in millimeters using a Williams periodontal probe at baseline and at the 3-month follow-up. The change from baseline to 3 months was calculated to assess the clinical response to non-surgical periodontal therapy. |
| Change in Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) After Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy | Baseline to 3 months | Clinical attachment level (CAL) was measured in millimeters using a Williams periodontal probe at baseline and at the 3-month follow-up. The change from baseline to 3 months was calculated to assess the clinical response to non-surgical periodontal therapy. |
Outcome results
None listed