Mangosteen Gel for Sunburn-Like Skin Redness Caused by Ultraviolet B Light

Narrowband Ultraviolet B-Induced Skin Erythema, Erythema, Sunburn, Erythema

Mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana, Narrowband ultraviolet B, Topical gel, skin phototype, uv erythema test, xanthones, within-person design

The goal of this clinical trial was to learn whether a gel made from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) fruit rind helps sunburn-like skin redness fade faster when it is applied after the redness has already appeared. The trial was conducted in healthy adult women with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV-V. The main questions it aimed to answer were: * Does mangosteen pericarp extract gel reduce skin redness (measured as the chromameter a\* value) more than a placebo gel between Day 1 and Day 3? * Which concentration of the gel (2.5%, 5%, or 10%) works best, and is the gel well tolerated? Researchers compared three concentrations of mangosteen gel with a placebo gel and with untreated skin, all on the same person's back. Participants: * Had six small test areas marked on the upper back * Had five of these areas exposed to a measured dose of narrowband ultraviolet B light to cause mild redness, while one area was shielded * Had the assigned gels applied twice daily on Days 1 and 2, starting 24 hours after light exposure * Had skin color measured with a chromameter on Day 1 and Day 3, and were checked for skin reactions at each visit

This was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-person trial conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Aesthetics, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia, between August and November 2022. It used a modified ultraviolet erythema test in which treatment started only after erythema had developed, so that the effect of the gel on the resolution of established erythema could be separated from any ultraviolet-filtering effect. Each participant had six 1.9 × 1.9-cm test sites on the upper back. The six conditions (2.5%, 5%, and 10% mangosteen pericarp extract gel, placebo gel, irradiated untreated, and nonirradiated untreated) were allocated to the sites with a six-sequence Williams design, so that each condition appeared equally often at each anatomical position. Sequences were generated by an independent statistician and concealed in opaque, sequentially numbered envelopes. The minimal erythema dose (MED) was determined with a narrowband UVB unit (peak 311 nm). Five sites were irradiated with twice the individual MED, and the sixth site was shielded. No product was on the skin during irradiation. From 24 h after irradiation (Day 1), approximately 10 mg of the assigned product (2.77 mg/cm²) was applied at 08:00 and 16:00 on Days 1 and 2. Final assessment took place on Day 3 before any further application. The extract was prepared by maceration of authenticated mangosteen pericarp in 96% ethanol and standardized spectrophotometrically as total UV-absorbing xanthones (α-mangostin equivalents). Active gels contained 2.5%, 5%, or 10% (w/w) extract in a hydrophilic carbomer-based gel. The placebo contained the same excipients with 0.02% (w/w) brown iron oxide to match the color of the active gel. Products were dispensed in identical tubes labeled only with a site code. Participants, the product applicator, and outcome assessors were blinded to allocation. Skin color was measured in the CIELAB color space with a calibrated chromameter (Konica Minolta CR-400) after 30 min of acclimatization; three readings per site were averaged. The nonirradiated site served as a concurrent reference. Data were analyzed with linear mixed models with participant as a random factor, and pairwise comparisons were Bonferroni-adjusted. The trial was approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University (approval no. 336/UN4.6.4.5.31/PP36/2022). This record was registered retrospectively.

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Indonesia