Keto Diet, Aerobic Exercise, Obesity (Disorder)
Conditions
Keywords
aerobic exercise, obesity, keto diet, systemic low grade inflammation, obesity related biomarkers, WHR
Brief summary
the aim of this study is to compare between aerobic exercise and keto diet in their effect on obesity related biomarkers (testosterone, TNF alpha, IL6, HMW, BMI, WHR) in 120 obese women with high WHR. all subjects followed the given instructions strictly during the study duration, regarding the assessment and treatment procedure, all participants evaluated under the same environmental conditions
Detailed description
Obesity affects hormones in a multidimensional way through creating a vicious cycle of metabolic, endocrine and inflammatory disorders. Combining Obesity with physical inactivity and the subsequent decrease in Insulin sensitivity is the key mechanism leading to type2 diabetes, systemic low grade inflammation, disruption of glucose uptake in peripheral tissues and increased hepatic glucose production leading to more fat deposition in adipose tissue and other organs. A key challenge is to develop individualized therapeutic strategies that address the unique interactions between hormones, diet and lifestyle. Interventions should include both pharmacotherapy and behavioral changes, such as dietary modification and regular physical activity The KD involves a diet that replaces glucose with ketone bodies and is effective in numerous diseases such as metabolic disorders, epileptic seizures, autosomal dominant polycystic disease of the kidney, cancers, peripheral neuropathy, and skeletal muscle atrophy. It exerts anti-inflammatory effects and induces up-regulation of BHB levels that is associated with decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines Regular exercise positively impacts antioxidant enzyme activity and influences the immune system by increasing T-cell count and decreasing receptors linked to inflammatory cytokine production. It also improves insulin sensitivity, contributing to euglycemia, improves vasodilatation, angiogenesis, blood flow, reduces hypoxia, macrophage infiltration, and suppresses chronic inflammation in adipose tissue. the Purpose of the study was To assess the effect of aerobic exercise versus a ketogenic diet protocol on obesity related biomarkers ( testosterone, TNF alpha, IL6, HMW adiponectin levels) in sedentary obese women with high WHR. 120 sedentary obese premenopausal women aged 35-50 years old with BMI of 30-34.9, WHR above 0.85 were incorporated in three groups, 40 women for each. All subjects were diagnosed with obesity, BMI of 30-34.9 and WHR above 0.85.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALKeto diet
Dietary intervention protocol:- ketogenic diet primarily emphasizes fat as the principal fuel source with consideration for fat quality and healthier fat sources such as plant oils, nuts, seeds, and oily fish, along with lean proteins including skinless poultry, veal, and lean beef. Fat sources focused on foods rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), such as olive oil and avocado, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from canola and flaxseed oil, nuts and seeds, and fatty fish including salmon, herring, mackerel, and sardines. saturated fats (e.g., lard, butter, cream, pork, offal, and beef) are also allowed. providing about 50-100 g of carbohydrates per day emphasizing the quality of foods consumed. Daily energy intake was divided into three meals, each including a source of protein, fat, and vegetables. Protein sources included eggs, cheeses, lean poultry, and beef. Each meal also incorporated non-starchy vegetables, including tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, spin
OTHERAerobic exercise
the exercise programme followed these characteristics: frequency: 3-5 times/week along the whole study period (12 weeks), intensity: 65- 70% of the maximal heart rate (220 - age x 70/100), duration: 50 min. it included (10 min warming up in form of exercise movements (stretching and flexibility) in standing position, 30 min active phase in form of walking on a computerized treadmill, 10 min cooling down in form of exercise movements (stretching and flexibility) performed in the seated position). All the patients could drink water during their training. Subjects in this group were instructed not to change their habitual diet all over the study period
COMBINATION_PRODUCTAerobic exercise + keto diet
aerobic exercise following these characteristics: frequency: 3-5 times/week along the whole study period (12 weeks), intensity: 65- 70% of the maximal heart rate (220 - age x 70/100), duration: 50 min. including (10 min warming up in form of exercise movements (stretching and flexibility) in standing position, 30 min active phase in form of walking on a computerized treadmill, 10 min cooling down in form of exercise movements (stretching and flexibility) performed in the seated position. All the patients could drink water during their training. Subjects in this group were instructed not to change their habitual diet all over the study period
Sponsors
Cairo University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
35 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
sedentary obese premenopausal woman aged 35-50 years with a BMI of 30-34.9 and a WHR above 0.85, and with none of the
Exclusion criteria
-
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| free testosterone | pre intervention and post intervention (after 3 months) | a blood test to measure the amount of free testosterone |
| TNF alpha | pre intervention and post intervention (after 3 months) | a blood test to measure the level of tumour necrosis factor alpha level |
| IL6 | pre intervention and post intervention (after 3 months) | a blood test to measure the level of interleukin6 |
| HMWA | pre intervention and post intervention (after 3 months) | a blood test to measure the level of high molecular weight adiponectin |
| BMI | pre intervention and post intervention (after 3 months) | body mass index that can be calculated from the equation BMI = weight (kg) ÷ \[height (m)\]² |
Countries
Egypt
Outcome results
None listed