Injection Site Pain, Pain, Peripheral Intravenous Phlebitis
Conditions
Keywords
Oxacillin, Ice Application, Peripheral Intravenous Catheter, Phlebitis, Pain, Cryotherapy
Brief summary
This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether ice application could reduce pain and peripheral intravenous phlebitis associated with oxacillin administration. Hospitalized patients receiving intravenous oxacillin were assigned to either an ice application group or a control group. In the intervention group, ice was applied to the area around the peripheral intravenous catheter before oxacillin administration. In the control group, a room-temperature water bag was applied in the same manner. Pain after oxacillin administration and signs of phlebitis at the intravenous catheter site were assessed and compared between the two groups. The study aimed to determine whether ice application could provide a simple, non-pharmacological approach to reducing oxacillin-related pain and phlebitis.
Interventions
OTHERIce Application
Ice was applied around the peripheral intravenous catheter site before intravenous oxacillin administration. The intervention was intended to reduce pain associated with oxacillin administration and the occurrence of peripheral intravenous phlebitis.
OTHERRoom-Temperature Water-Bag Application
A room-temperature water bag was applied around the peripheral intravenous catheter site before intravenous oxacillin administration as the control condition.
Sponsors
Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Adults aged 20 to 60 years. Conscious and able to participate in the study. Intravenous injection site located on either hand. Receiving a single antibiotic medication during the study. Eligible regardless of sex or medical diagnosis.
Exclusion criteria
Dementia. Psychiatric disorders. Skin rash at the study site. Purpura. Pregnancy. Current oral corticosteroid use. Hemodialysis. Administration of a second medication or an injection containing two or more medications during the study. \-
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Intensity After Intravenous Oxacillin Administration | Up to 72 hours after intravenous oxacillin administration | Pain intensity associated with intravenous oxacillin administration was assessed repeatedly after oxacillin administration across nine 8-hour intervals during the 72-hour observation period. Higher pain scores indicated greater pain intensity. |
Countries
Taiwan
Outcome results
None listed