Anxiety, Depression, Emotional Distress
Conditions
Brief summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to examine how a mindfulness-based intervention (MIED) affects the moment-to-moment, lagged relationships between mechanism variables at the levels of feelings, thoughts, and behaviors and outcomes (anxiety and depression) in individuals experiencing anxiety and depressive distress, using high-frequency ecological momentary assessment. The main questions it aims to answer are: At the within-person level, do these mechanism variables significantly predict next-moment anxiety and depressive symptoms at the within-day micro-scale? How does the temporal dynamic between mechanism and outcomes over the course of MIED?
Interventions
A 49-day digital self-help program delivered via a WeChat Mini Program (or mobile app). Each day, participants receive a new set of materials: (a) a guided mindfulness meditation audio (10-30 minutes), (b) psychoeducational content in text or audio format covering mindfulness principles, emotion, and emotional distress, and (c) daily assignments (such as informal mindfulness practices, emotion journaling, and graded challenging tasks).
Sponsors
Peking University
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Subjects with scores greater than 21 on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale.
Exclusion criteria
* Subjects who could not access the Internet. * Subjects with insufficient Chinese ability. * Subjects who have participated in mindfulness-based projects for more than 6 weeks before, and / or the current frequency of meditation practice is more than once a week. * Patients with schizophrenia or psychotic affective disorder, current organic mental disorder, substance abuse disorder and generalized developmental disorder. * Subjects at risk of suicide.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| changes of depression | At baseline (within 1 week pre-intervention), at Week 1, Week 4, Week 7 of intervention, within 1 week post-intervention, and at 1-month follow-up | Daily Depression Severity and Impairment Scale,5 items, scores range from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating higher levels of depression. |
| changes of anxiety | At baseline (within 1 week pre-intervention), at Week 1, Week 4, Week 7 of intervention, within 1 week post-intervention, and at 1-month follow-up | Daily Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale,5 items, scores range from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating higher levels of anxiety. |
| changes of mindfulness | At baseline (within 1 week pre-intervention), at Week 1, Week 4, Week 7 of intervention, within 1 week post-intervention, and at 1-month follow-up | The Daily Mindfulness Response Scale measures the frequency with which one returns to a nonjudgmental and unconditionally receptive present moment awareness during the day. Each item is rated on a scale ranging from 1 (rarely) to 10 (often). scores range from 4 to 40, with higher scores indicating higher levels of mindful responding |
| changes of distress tolerance | At baseline (within 1 week pre-intervention), at Week 1, Week 4, Week 7 of intervention, within 1 week post-intervention, and at 1-month follow-up | 3 items were chosen to form the Daily Distress Tolerance Scale (DDTS). The DDTS consists of four items. Each item is rated on a scale ranging from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree). Scores range from 3 to 15, with higher scores indicating greater distress tolerance. |
| changes of engaging in life | At baseline (within 1 week pre-intervention), at Week 1, Week 4, Week 7 of intervention, within 1 week post-intervention, and at 1-month follow-up | 4 items were chosen from Enaging in Life Scale which assesses the extent to which individuals' daily engagement in life domains (such as work, social interactions, and leisure activities) is affected by physical and psychological discomfort, scores range from 0 to 16, with higher scores indicating higher levels of engaging in everyday life (Chen et al.,2026). |
| changes of physical distress intolerance | At baseline (within 1 week pre-intervention), at Week 1, Week 4, Week 7 of intervention, within 1 week post-intervention, and at 1-month follow-up | Momentary bodily discomfort tolerance will be assessed using a single self-developed item: "Right now, I am able to allow unpleasant bodily sensations to be present without trying to get rid of them immediately." Participants will respond on a 7-point scale ranging from 0 ("not at all able") to 6 ("completely able"). Higher scores indicate greater momentary ability to tolerate and allow unpleasant bodily sensations without immediately attempting to avoid or eliminate them. |
| changes of experiential avoidance | At baseline (within 1 week pre-intervention), at Week 1, Week 4, Week 7 of intervention, within 1 week post-intervention, and at 1-month follow-up | Based on a preliminary study, the items with the high factor loading （at least higher than 0.6） from each subscale of the Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire ( Gámez et al, 2013) were chosen to form the Daily Experiential Avoidance Scale (DEAS). The DEAS consists of four items. Each item is rated on a scale ranging from 1 (strongly agree) to 6 (strongly disagree). Scores range from 5 to 30, with higher scores indicating less experiential avoidance. |
| changes of rumination | At baseline (within 1 week pre-intervention), at Week 1, Week 4, Week 7 of intervention, within 1 week post-intervention, and at 1-month follow-up | State rumination will be assessed using a single-item visual analogue scale adapted from prior research. Participants will rate the extent to which they are currently caught up in their emotions and problems and find it difficult to step back from them ("Right now, I am caught up in my emotions and problems and find it difficult to distance myself from them") on a slider ranging from 0 ("not at all") to 100 ("extremely"). Higher scores indicate greater momentary rumination. |
| changes of negative emotion | At baseline (within 1 week pre-intervention), at Week 1, Week 4, Week 7 of intervention, within 1 week post-intervention, and at 1-month follow-up | Negative affect will be assessed using four items adapted from the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Participants will rate the intensity of their current feelings of anxiety, sadness, irritability, and tension ("Right now, I feel anxious/sad/irritable/tense") using a visual analogue slider ranging from 0 ("not at all") to 100 ("extremely"). Higher scores indicate greater momentary negative affect. |
Contacts
CONTACTMO CHEN
Outcome results
None listed