HIV, Substance Use Disorder (SUD)
Conditions
Brief summary
The project is a pragmatic, quasi-experimental hybrid type II effectiveness-implementation trial of a structural HIV prevention intervention to address police behavior (arrests and referrals) and ultimately improve health among people who use drugs. The study involves a novel implementation strategy that engages behavioral health workers as "local champions" in the delivery of an evidence-based police education program (SHIELD training intervention). In addition to examining implementation outcomes, primary outcomes focus on assessing effectiveness of the intervention among police (specifically in reducing drug-related arrests and promoting referrals to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) treatment. The investigator's overarching effectiveness hypothesis is that after law enforcement organizations receive the SHIELD training intervention, the organizations will be more likely to refer people who use drugs to MOUD treatment and other health and social services, rather than arresting for low level possession offenses. The study will be conducted across different counties in Appalachian Kentucky.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALSHIELD 2.0
SHIELD is an evidence-based police education training program that has been demonstrated to change police behavior (arrest and referrals) and improve outcomes among police and people who use drugs in NIH-funded and other research studies. The original intervention delivery relied on academic teams, limiting sustainability and scalability. The investigator's novel "SHIELD 2.0" implementation strategy aims to address these limitations by capacitating the local behavioral health workforce to implement the steps of the SHIELD process, specifically to complete the delivery of the SHIELD intervention to local police officers.
Sponsors
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
University of Kentucky
Northeastern University
San Diego State University
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Brown University
University of California, San Diego
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* An adult over the age of 18 years old * Currently employed in a law enforcement agency in one of the nine counties participating in the trial
Exclusion criteria
* Only adult participants over the age of 18 will be recruited into the study, and the investigators will not restrict eligibility based on gender, race, or any other socio-demographic characteristics.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Frequency of Law enforcement officer self-reported referrals to MOUD | From baseline up to 12 months post SHIELD training |
| Frequency of Law enforcement officer self-reported drug-related arrests | From baseline up to 12 months post SHIELD training |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Law enforcement officer self-reported stress as assessed by survey | From baseline up to 12 months post SHIELD training | Survey scores range from 0-12, with lower scores indicating a lower level of stress |
| Law enforcement officer self-reported burnout as assessed by survey | From baseline up to 12 months post SHIELD training | Survey scores range from 0-24, with lower scores indicating a lower level of burnout |
| Law enforcement officer self-reported job satisfaction as assessed by survey | From baseline up to 12 months post SHIELD training | Survey scores range from 0-6, with lower scores indicating a lower level of job satisfaction |
Countries
United States
Contacts
CONTACTZach R Salazar, MPH
CONTACTSkylar M Chapdelaine, BA
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORJavier Cepeda, PhD, MPH
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOREileen Pitpitan, PhD, MA
San Diego State University School of Social Work
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORLeo Beletsky, JD, MPH
Northeastern University School of Law, Bouvé College of Health Sciences
Outcome results
None listed