Premenstrual Syndrome
Conditions
Keywords
Mandala coloring, Anxiety, Sleep Disorder
Brief summary
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common condition among women of reproductive age and is characterized by a range of physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms that may negatively affect daily functioning, social relationships, academic and occupational life, and psychological well-being. Anxiety and sleep disturbances are among the commonly reported problems associated with PMS. Mandala coloring, as an accessible and easy-to-use art-based activity that does not require specific skills, may promote psychological relaxation, reduce anxiety, and improve sleep quality. However, the effects of mandala coloring on sleep quality and anxiety among women experiencing PMS have not been directly investigated. Therefore, this clinical trial aims to evaluate the effect of a mandala coloring intervention on sleep quality and anxiety levels in women with PMS. The findings may provide evidence for the use of mandala coloring as a simple, accessible, and non-pharmacological approach to support the management of PMS-related symptoms.
Detailed description
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common condition among women of reproductive age, characterized by physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms that may negatively affect quality of life, social and occupational functioning, sleep, and psychological well-being. Previous studies have demonstrated that PMS is associated with reduced sleep quality and increased anxiety. Non-pharmacological approaches, including art-based interventions, have recently gained attention as supportive strategies for managing PMS-related symptoms. Mandala coloring is a simple, accessible, and low-cost activity that does not require specific artistic skills and has been associated with reduced anxiety, stress, and psychological distress in previous studies. Although previous research has examined the relationship between PMS, sleep quality, and anxiety, and other studies have investigated the potential benefits of art-based interventions, there is limited evidence regarding the direct effects of mandala coloring on sleep quality and anxiety among women with PMS. Therefore, this clinical trial aims to evaluate the effect of a structured mandala coloring intervention on sleep quality and anxiety levels in women experiencing PMS. The findings may provide evidence for a simple, accessible, and non-pharmacological approach that could support the management of PMS and contribute to women's health care.
Interventions
A mandala coloring intervention will be administered to individuals with PMS to evaluate its effects on anxiety reduction and sleep quality improvement.
Sponsors
Kırklareli University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 25 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Female students aged 18 and older * Scoring 45 or higher on the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale * Scoring 36 or higher on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) * Scoring 5 or higher on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) * Having a regular menstrual cycle (21-35 days) * Volunteering to participate in the study * Fully completing the survey and scale forms
Exclusion criteria
* Not wishing to continue participating in the study * Having any condition that hinders communication (such as impairments in hearing, speech, or comprehension) * Having a gynecological condition (e.g., abnormal uterine bleeding, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, undergoing hormonal therapy) * Having a chronic or physical illness * Having a psychological disorder * Undergoing psychiatric treatment (pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy) * Using pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods to alleviate premenstrual symptoms (e.g., oral contraceptives, acupressure, homeopathy, yoga) * Having a sleep-related issue and receiving treatment for it * Individuals who exercise regularly
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Social demographic form | between 2 to 4 weeks | This form includes questions regarding women's sociodemographic characteristics, menstrual cycles, the presence of chronic diseases, menstrual symptoms, gynecological conditions, whether they have received prior education about menstruation, and whether they use pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods to alleviate premenstrual syndrome. |
| Premenstrual Syndrome Scale | between 2 to 12 weeks | Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) is a 44-item, five-point Likert scale used to assess the severity of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms experienced before menstruation. Total scores range from 44 to 220, with higher scores indicating greater PMS symptom severity. A score above 50% of the maximum possible score (≥110) is considered indicative of PMS. |
| State-Trait Scale (STAI-1, STAI-2) | between 2 to 12 weeks | State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is used to assess individuals' state anxiety (temporary anxiety) and trait anxiety (general tendency toward anxiety). It consists of two 20-item subscales, each scored on a four-point Likert scale. Total scores for each subscale range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating higher anxiety levels. |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) | between 2 to 12 weeks | Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-report instrument used to assess sleep quality and sleep disturbances over the previous month. It consists of 19 items covering seven components of sleep quality. Each component is scored from 0 to 3, with a total score ranging from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate poorer sleep quality, and a total score of ≥5 indicates poor sleep quality. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
CONTACTAYCA KIRCA, Phd
STUDY_CHAIRAYCA KIRCA, Phd
Kırklareli University
Outcome results
None listed