Fasting, Intermittent, Locally Advanced Rectal Carcinoma, pMMR/MSS
Conditions
Keywords
Rectal cancer, Serplulimab, CAPEOX, neoadjuvant therapy, 16-hour fasting
Brief summary
Although standard neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) effectively reduces local recurrence, radiotherapy-related toxicities and surgical complications severely impair patients' quality of life, making a radiotherapy-free strategy urgently needed. However, chemotherapy alone yields a pathological complete response (pCR) rate of only 6.6%-15%, which is far from satisfactory. The pMMR/MSS subtype, accounting for 90% of rectal cancers, is "immune-cold" and shows almost no response to PD-1 monotherapy; nonetheless, chemotherapy can reshape the tumor immune microenvironment, and multiple studies have demonstrated that combining chemotherapy with PD-1 inhibitors (without radiotherapy) can elevate pCR rates to 26.8%-42.9%, yet further improvement remains desirable. A recent mechanistic study published in Cell Metabolism (2026) revealed that a single 16-hour fasting episode before treatment promotes isoleucine accumulation in the tumor microenvironment, which enhances CD8+T-cell cytotoxic function and reduces exhaustion through acetyl-CoA metabolism and epigenetic reprogramming, thereby significantly sensitizing PD-1 inhibitors-and this intervention is non-invasive, low-cost, and easily adoptable by patients. Based on the above evidence, we hypothesize that the neoadjuvant triple-combination regimen of "16-hour fasting + chemotherapy + PD-1 inhibitor" (radiotherapy-free) in pMMR/MSS locally advanced mid-to-low rectal cancer may further increase pCR rates and tumor regression, offering a novel, highly effective, and low-toxicity therapeutic option for LARC patients.
Interventions
BEHAVIORAL16-Hour Fasting
Patients begin fasting at 20:00 on the day prior to immunotherapy (only plain water is allowed) and continue until 10:00 the next morning, when serplulimab is administered. Fasting is maintained until 12:00 noon, after which normal diet may be resumed.
Serplulimab is an innovative monoclonal antibody targeting PD-1, developed by Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc. 300 mg, IV, d1, q3w. CAPEOX regimen: Oxaliplatin(130mg/m2) on day 1 of each cycle and Capecitabine, 1000mg/m2, PO, BID, day1-14, q3w. 4 cycles
Sponsors
Zhejiang University
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 75 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Willing and able to provide written informed consent. 2. Male or female subjects ≧ 18 years ≦ 75 of age. 3. Histological or cytological documentation of adenocarcinoma of the rectum. 4. No previous any systemic anticancer therapy for rectal cancer disease. 5. The primary rectal tumor is assessed as likely to be R0 resectable by a multidisciplinary colorectal cancer collaborative team, comprising at least 2 gastrointestinal surgeons and 1 radiologist. 6. The lower margin of the tumor is less than 10cm from the anus verge. 7. cT2N1-2M0, cT3N0-2M0, cT4N0-1M0 MSS with MRF(-) assessed by MRI. 8. Primary tumor can be detected by CT or MRI. 9. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1. 10. Eligible tumor tissues were identified for MSI/MMR assays. 11. Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) (-). 12. If HBsAg (+) , HBV-DNA must be less than 2500 copies/mL or 500 IU/mL to be enrolled. 13. Patients with HCV antibody (-) or HCV-RNA negative can be enrolled. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) must be ≤ 3 x ULN for the lab. If HCV-RNA is positive, patients with both alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) performed ≤3×ULN could be enrolled. Patients infected with both hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus should be excluded (positive for HBsAg or HBcAb and positive for HCV antibodies).
Exclusion criteria
1. Patients with recurrent rectal cancer or a history of pelvic radiotherapy. 2. Patients with a history of inflammatory bowel disease. 3. Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS-related illnesses) or known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease (HIV1 antibody, HIV2 antibody, HTLV1 antibody positive) should be excluded. 4. Patients who are preparing for or have previously received an organ or bone marrow transplant. 5. History of myocardial infarction, poorly controlled arrhythmias (including QTc interval ≥470 ms in women) in the 6 months prior to enrollment (QTc interval calculated by Fridericia formula). 6. According to New York College of Cardiology (NYHA) standards for Grade III-IV cardiac insufficiency or cardiac color ultrasound: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \<50%.Poor hypertension control (systolic blood pressure ≥150 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mmHg), a past hypertensive crisis or hypertensive encephalopathy. 7. Poor hypertension control (systolic blood pressure ≥150 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mmHg), a past hypertensive crisis or hypertensive encephalopathy. 8. Patients had undergone major surgery within 28 days prior to enrollment. Patients with tumor biopsy or lymph node dissection biopsy were admitted. Patients undergoing enterostomy due to intestinal obstruction were admitted. 9. The patients had previously been treated with other antibodies/drugs that target immune checkpoints, such as PD-1, PD-L1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated Antigen 4 (CTLA-4). 10. Patients are participating in other clinical studies, or plan to start this study treatment less than 14 days from the end of the previous clinical study. 11. Uncontrolled tumor-related pain. 12. A known history of severe allergy to any monoclonal antibody. 13. Known to be allergic or intolerance to any oxaliplatin and capecitabine ingredients. 14. Pregnant or lactating women. 15. The investigators determined that the patient had other factors that might have led to the early termination of the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pathological complete response rates | 10 days after surgery | Proportion of participants achieving pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant therapy. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rate of clinical complete response rate(cCR) | 1 year | Proportion of participants achieving clinical complete response (cCR) after neoadjuvant therapy. |
| R0 resection rates | 10 days after surgery | Proportion of patients achieved a complete resection with negative margin |
| Disease Free Survival | 3 years | Defined as the interval from enrollment to locoregional or metastatic recurrence or the appearance or a secondary colorectal cancer or death, whichever occurs first |
| Event free survival | 3 years | Defined as the time from enrollment to the first occurrence of any of the following events: tumor disease progression on imaging as assessed by RECIST 1.1; tumor recurrence, including local recurrence or distant recurrence, as assessed on imaging or tissue biopsy transfer; death from any cause. |
| Overall survival (OS) | 3 years | Defined as the time between the date of enrollment and death from any cause. |
| Treatment-related adverse events | 1 year | Assessed by evaluation of treatment-related adverse events. |
| Single-Cell RNA Sequencing (scRNA-seq) of Tumor Microenvironment | 1 year | Use single cell sequence to describe changes in the microenvironment of rectal cancer before and after treatment. |
| Spatial Transcriptomics Profiling of Tumor and Stroma | 1 year | Explore spatial organization of gene expression within the tumor microenvironment and its association with treatment response using spatial transcriptomics. |
Contacts
CONTACTfeng Ke Ding
Outcome results
None listed