Colorectal Cancer Control and Prevention
Conditions
Keywords
Colorectal Cancer Screening, Health Belief Model, Health Education, Cancer Screening Attitudes, Screening Behavior, Fecal Occult Blood Test
Brief summary
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of a Health Belief Model-based multicomponent education program on colorectal cancer screening completion, knowledge, health beliefs, and screening attitudes among adults aged 50-70 years. A total of 176 participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group received an individual 30-35-minute face-to-face education session supported by a video and an informational brochure. The control group received no structured colorectal cancer education during the four-week study period and was offered the brochure after completing the Week 4 assessment. Colorectal cancer knowledge, health beliefs, and screening attitudes were assessed at baseline and Week 4. Self-reported screening completion during the follow-up period was assessed at Week 4. It was hypothesized that participants receiving the program would demonstrate greater improvements in colorectal cancer-related knowledge, health beliefs, screening attitudes, and screening uptake than participants in the control group.
Detailed description
This two-arm, parallel-group rrandomized controlled trial was conducted at Bartın Healthy Living Center in Bartın, Türkiye. Community-dwelling adults aged 50-70 years were assigned to the intervention or control group using simple randomization. The intervention group received an individual educational program developed according to the Health Belief Model. The program combined face-to-face education, video-based education, and an informational brochure. It addressed colorectal cancer risk factors, symptoms, prevention, recommended screening methods, and the importance of early detection. The educational content was structured to address perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, health motivation, and confidence in engaging in screening behavior.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALHealth Belief Model-Based Colorectal Cancer Education Program
The individual educational program combined face-to-face instruction, video-based educational content, and an informational brochure. It addressed colorectal cancer risk factors, symptoms, prevention, early detection, recommended screening methods, health beliefs, and participation in colorectal cancer screening.
Sponsors
Bartın Unıversity
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SCREENING
Masking
NONE
Masking description
The randomization sequence and group allocation were managed by a researcher who was not involved in delivering the educational intervention.
Intervention model description
Participants were randomly assigned to one of two parallel groups: a Health Belief Model-based education group or a control group
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
50 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Aged 50-70 years * Residing in Bartın city center * No history of colorectal cancer * Willing to participate in the study * Provided written informed consent
Exclusion criteria
* Previous diagnosis of or treatment for colorectal cancer * Communication difficulties that prevented completion of the questionnaires * Cognitive impairment that prevented completion of the questionnaires
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Self-Reported Colorectal Cancer Screening Uptake | 4 weeks after the intervention | The number and proportion of participants who self-reported completing at least one colorectal cancer screening test during the four-week follow-up period were assessed. Screening included fecal occult blood testing or colonoscopy. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline in Colorectal Cancer Knowledge Score | Baseline and 4 weeks after the intervention | Colorectal cancer knowledge was assessed using the knowledge section of the Colorectal Cancer Early Detection Knowledge and Screening Practices Form. Scores range from 0 to 18, with higher scores indicating greater knowledge of colorectal cancer risk factors, symptoms, screening methods, and the recommended screening age. |
| Change From Baseline in Perceived Confidence and Benefits Score | Baseline and 4 weeks after the intervention | Perceived confidence and benefits were assessed using the 11-item confidence/benefits subscale of the Colorectal Cancer Health Belief Model Scale. Raw total scores range from 11 to 55. For analysis, the total score was divided by 11 to obtain a mean item score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater confidence in and perceived benefits of colorectal cancer screening. |
| Change From Baseline in Perceived Barriers Score | Baseline and 4 weeks after the intervention | Perceived barriers to colorectal cancer screening were assessed using the six-item perceived barriers subscale of the Colorectal Cancer Health Belief Model Scale. Raw total scores range from 6 to 30. For analysis, the total score was divided by six to obtain a mean item score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater perceived barriers to colorectal cancer screening. |
| Change From Baseline in Health Motivation Score | Baseline and 4 weeks after the intervention | Health motivation was assessed using the five-item health motivation subscale of the Colorectal Cancer Health Belief Model Scale. Raw total scores range from 5 to 25. For analysis, the total score was divided by five to obtain a mean item score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater health motivation. |
| Change From Baseline in Perceived Susceptibility Score | Baseline and 4 weeks after the intervention | Perceived susceptibility was assessed using the six-item perceived susceptibility subscale of the Colorectal Cancer Health Belief Model Scale. Raw total scores range from 6 to 30. For analysis, the total score was divided by six to obtain a mean item score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater perceived susceptibility to colorectal cancer. |
| Change From Baseline in Perceived Severity Score | Baseline and 4 weeks after the intervention | Perceived severity was assessed using the five-item perceived severity subscale of the Colorectal Cancer Health Belief Model Scale. Raw total scores range from 5 to 25. For analysis, the total score was divided by five to obtain a mean item score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater perceived severity of colorectal cancer. |
| Change From Baseline in Attitudes Toward Cancer Screening Score | Baseline and 4 weeks after the intervention | Attitudes toward cancer screening were assessed using the 24-item Attitudes Toward Cancer Screening Scale. Raw total scores range from 24 to 120. For analysis, the total score was divided by 24 to obtain a mean item score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate more positive attitudes toward cancer screening. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed