Supplement
Conditions
Keywords
Black elderberry, Anthocyanin supplementation, Blood lactate, Oxidative stress, Exercise performance
Brief summary
his randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigated whether black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) supplementation affects blood lactate responses, oxidative stress biomarkers, and exercise-related physiological responses in young men who regularly exercise. Participants completed four assessment sessions: a pre-test and three supplementation phases involving a single dose, alternate-day supplementation for 14 days, and daily supplementation for 14 days. The anthocyanin group received black elderberry supplementation, while the control group received an identical placebo. Blood lactate, oxidative stress biomarkers, body composition, and exercise performance were assessed under standardized laboratory conditions across the study phases.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTAnthocyanin Group
Participants received 300 mg black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) extract capsules according to the study protocol.
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTPlacebo Group
Participants received placebo capsules containing maltodextrin according to the study protocol.
Sponsors
Kocatepe University
Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 27 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Male participants aged 18-27 years. * Engaged in regular exercise at least three times per week during the previous three months. * No history of cardiovascular, metabolic, or endocrine disease. * No use of dietary supplements during the preceding month. * Provided written informed consent before participation.
Exclusion criteria
* Known allergy or intolerance to black elderberry or other berry-based supplements. * Serious musculoskeletal injury or surgery within the previous six months. * Failure to comply with the study protocol. * Development of any health problem that prevented continuation of the exercise protocol.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Catalase (CAT) Activity | Pre-test (before the exercise protocol) and 15 minutes after the exercise protocol at the end of each supplementation phase (single-dose, 14-day alternate-day, and 14-day daily supplementation). | Plasma catalase (CAT) activity was assessed at the pre-test and at the end of each supplementation phase. At the pre-test, venous blood was collected before the exercise protocol. During each supplementation phase, venous blood was collected 15 minutes after completion of the exercise protocol. In each supplementation phase, the final dose was administered approximately 2 hours before the exercise test. CAT activity was measured using a commercial ELISA kit (BT-LAB, Bioassay Technology Laboratory, Zhejiang, China) and reported in nmol/min/mL. |
| Glutathione (GSH) Level | Pre-test (before the exercise protocol) and 15 minutes after the exercise protocol at the end of each supplementation phase (single-dose, 14-day alternate-day, and 14-day daily supplementation). | Plasma glutathione (GSH) level was assessed at the pre-test and at the end of each supplementation phase. At the pre-test, venous blood was collected before the exercise protocol. During each supplementation phase, venous blood was collected 15 minutes after completion of the exercise protocol. In each supplementation phase, the final dose was administered approximately 2 hours before the exercise test. GSH level was measured using a commercial ELISA kit (BT-LAB, Bioassay Technology Laboratory, Zhejiang, China) and reported in µmol/g |
| Malondialdehyde (MDA) | Pre-test (before the exercise protocol) and 15 minutes after the exercise protocol at the end of each supplementation phase (single-dose, 14-day alternate-day, and 14-day daily supplementation). | Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was assessed at the pre-test and at the end of each supplementation phase. At the pre-test, venous blood was collected before the exercise protocol. During each supplementation phase, venous blood was collected 15 minutes after completion of the exercise protocol. In each supplementation phase, the final dose was administered approximately 2 hours before the exercise test. MDA concentration was measured using a commercial ELISA kit (BT-LAB, Bioassay Technology Laboratory, Zhejiang, China) and reported in nmol/mL. |
| Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity | Pre-test (before the exercise protocol) and 15 minutes after the exercise protocol at the end of each supplementation phase (single-dose, 14-day alternate-day, and 14-day daily supplementation). | Plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was assessed at the pre-test and at the end of each supplementation phase. At the pre-test, venous blood was collected before the exercise protocol. During each supplementation phase, venous blood was collected 15 minutes after completion of the exercise protocol. In each supplementation phase, the final dose was administered approximately 2 hours before the exercise test. SOD activity was measured using a commercial ELISA kit (BT-LAB, Bioassay Technology Laboratory, Zhejiang, China) and reported in U/mL. |
| Nitric Oxide (NO) | Pre-test (before the exercise protocol) and 15 minutes after the exercise protocol at the end of each supplementation phase (single-dose, 14-day alternate-day, and 14-day daily supplementation). | Plasma nitric oxide (NO) concentration was assessed at the pre-test and at the end of each supplementation phase. At the pre-test, venous blood was collected before the exercise protocol. During each supplementation phase, venous blood was collected 15 minutes after completion of the exercise protocol. In each supplementation phase, the final dose was administered approximately 2 hours before the exercise test. NO concentration was measured using a commercial ELISA kit (BT-LAB, Bioassay Technology Laboratory, Zhejiang, China) and reported in µmol/L. |
| Blood Lactate Concentration | Baseline (pre-test), during the 3rd minute of exercise, immediately post-exercise, and 30 minutes post-exercise during recovery; measurements repeated after Baseline (pre-test), single-dose, alternate-day, and daily supplementation phases. | Blood lactate concentration measured from capillary blood samples using a portable lactate analyzer (EDGE). |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed