Stunting
Conditions
Keywords
Stunting, simulation, caregiver education, developmental stimulation, caregiving ability
Brief summary
Stunting can affect children's growth and development and requires not only nutritional management but also appropriate stimulation and responsive caregiving. This study evaluated whether adding simulation-based growth and development education to a standard educational module could improve the caregiving ability of families with stunted children. Caregivers received either a standardized take-home module alone or the same module combined with simulation-based education. The study assessed changes in caregivers' knowledge and self-reported ability to perform developmental stimulation activities.
Detailed description
This study was a nonrandomized quasi-experimental study using a pretest-posttest control group design. The study was conducted among family caregivers of children with stunting aged 1-3 years in the working area of Tamansari Public Health Center, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia. Participants were allocated based on geographical areas. The control group received a standardized growth and development education module to use at home. The intervention group received the same module plus simulation-based education. The simulation session included explanation of child growth and development concepts, demonstration of developmental stimulation activities, guided caregiver practice, and corrective feedback from the facilitator. The study included 55 caregivers in the final analysis, consisting of 31 caregivers in the intervention group and 24 caregivers in the control group. Caregiving ability was assessed in two domains: cognitive ability measured using a 32-item instrument and self-reported psychomotor ability measured using a 20-item questionnaire. The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether simulation-based education provides additional benefits compared with module-only education in improving caregiver knowledge and perceived ability to perform developmental stimulation activities for children with stunting. The study received ethical approval from the Health Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang (Ethical Clearance No. 001/KE/05/2026). Participation was voluntary, and all participants provided written informed consent before joining the study.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALSimulation-Based Education
A simulation-based educational intervention consisting of growth and development education, demonstration of developmental stimulation activities, guided caregiver practice, and corrective feedback.
BEHAVIORALStandardized Growth and Development Education Module
A standardized educational module about child growth, development, and caregiving practices provided to caregivers as take-home educational material.
Sponsors
Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Masking description
No masking was applied because the intervention involved direct educational simulation activities.
Intervention model description
Participants were assigned to two parallel groups based on geographical areas. The intervention group received a standardized growth and development education module plus simulation-based education, while the control group received the standardized module only.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Family caregivers of children aged 1-3 years diagnosed with stunting. 2. The caregiver is the primary person responsible for daily child care. 3. The caregiver lives with the child during the study period. 4. The caregiver is willing to participate and provide written informed consent. 5. The caregiver is able to communicate and complete the study questionnaire.
Exclusion criteria
1. Caregivers who cannot participate in the educational sessions. 2. Caregivers who have communication barriers that prevent completion of the assessment. 3. Participants who withdraw consent during the study period.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Caregiver Ability in Providing Care for Children with Stunting | Immediately after the intervention (posttest) | The primary outcome was caregiver ability in caring for children with stunting, consisting of cognitive ability and self-reported psychomotor ability related to child growth and development stimulation practices. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Caregiver Cognitive Ability | Immediately after the intervention (posttest) | Caregiver cognitive ability was assessed using a 32-item instrument measuring knowledge related to child growth, development, and stimulation practices. |
| Caregiver Self-Reported Psychomotor Ability | Immediately after the intervention (posttest) | Caregiver self-reported psychomotor ability was assessed using a 20-item questionnaire evaluating the ability to perform developmental stimulation activities. |
Countries
Indonesia
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORNIA RESTIANA, M.Kep
Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya
STUDY_DIRECTORNeni Solihat, M.Psi
Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya
STUDY_DIRECTORRosy Rosnawanty, M.Kep
Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya
Outcome results
None listed