Motivation
Conditions
Keywords
peer mentoring, youth swimming, SMS-28, motivational regulation, self-determination theory, sport motivation
Brief summary
This completed study examined whether young competitive swimmers' reasons for participating in sport changed after a peer-mentoring programme. It was expected that intrinsic motivation and personally valued reasons for participating would increase after the programme. Twenty-nine Colombian swimmers aged 10-14 years participated. All swimmers received the same programme; there was no comparison group. The programme comprised 16 face-to-face group sessions delivered twice weekly over eight consecutive weeks. Each session lasted approximately 20-25 minutes and was led by an experienced swimmer acting as a peer mentor. Activities addressed communication, sport experiences, goal setting, reflection on competition, personal development and future planning. Participants completed the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28) before the first session and immediately after the sixteenth and final session. The questionnaire assessed seven forms of motivation: intrinsic motivation to know, intrinsic motivation to accomplish, intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, external regulation and amotivation. Changes in each form of motivation were examined separately. The study was registered retrospectively after participant enrolment, data collection and analysis had been completed. Registration was undertaken for research transparency and should not be interpreted as prospective registration or preregistration.
Detailed description
This single-group study examined whether young competitive swimmers' reasons for participating in sport changed after completing a peer-mentoring programme integrated into their regular swimming training. It was expected that intrinsic motivation and identified regulation would increase following the programme. The programme comprised 16 face-to-face group sessions delivered twice weekly over eight consecutive weeks. Each session lasted approximately 20-25 minutes and was led by an experienced swimmer acting as a peer mentor. The activities addressed communication, sport experiences, goal setting, reflection on competition, personal development, future goals and career planning. Twenty-nine swimmers aged 10-14 years completed the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28) before the first session and after the sixteenth and final session. The questionnaire assessed seven forms of motivation: intrinsic motivation to know, intrinsic motivation to accomplish, intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, external regulation and amotivation. Changes from before to after the programme were examined separately for each form of motivation. The study was registered retrospectively after participant enrolment, data collection and analysis had been completed. Registration was undertaken for research transparency and should not be interpreted as prospective registration or preregistration.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALEight-Session Peer-Mentoring Programme
Sixteen face-to-face group peer-mentoring sessions of approximately 20-25 minutes each were integrated into regular swimming training and delivered twice weekly over eight consecutive weeks. Across the eight weeks, activities included guided dialogue, practical exercises, mentor narratives, feedback and group reflection. The themes addressed programme introduction, effective communication, sport stories, SMART goal setting, reflection on competition experiences, a "pool of life" reflective activity, a future-self interview, and a career timeline and programme closure. An experienced swimmer acted as the peer mentor. The baseline SMS-28 assessment was administered before the first session, and the immediate post-intervention assessment was administered after completion of the sixteenth and final session.
Sponsors
Édison Andrés Pérez Bedoya
Universidad de San Buenaventura
Tecnológico de Antioquia
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
All participants received the same sixteen-session peer-mentoring programme. No concurrent control or comparison group was used.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
11 Years to 14 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Active competitive swimmer from the participating swimming club. * Originally intended age range of 11-14 years. * At least six months of competitive swimming training. * Parent or legal guardian provided written informed consent. * Participant provided written assent. * Participation in more than 80% of the mentoring sessions.
Exclusion criteria
* Absence of either the pre-intervention or post-intervention SMS-28 assessment.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Intrinsic Motivation to Know score | Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week). | Mean score of four items from the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28), ranging from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater intrinsic motivation to know. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Intrinsic Motivation to Accomplish score | Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week). | Mean score of four items from the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28), ranging from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater intrinsic motivation to know. |
| Intrinsic Motivation to Experience Stimulation score | Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week). | Mean score of four items from the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28), ranging from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater intrinsic motivation to know. |
| Identified Regulation score | Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week). | Mean score of four items from the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28), ranging from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater intrinsic motivation to know. |
| Introjected Regulation score | Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week). | Mean score of four items from the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28), ranging from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater intrinsic motivation to know. |
| External Regulation score | Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week). | Mean score of four items from the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28), ranging from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater intrinsic motivation to know. |
| Amotivation score | Baseline (before session 1) and Week 8 (immediately after completion of session 16; two sessions per week). | Mean score of four items from the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28), ranging from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater intrinsic motivation to know. |
Countries
Colombia
Outcome results
None listed