Anxiety, Cataract, Pain
Conditions
Keywords
Cataract Surgery, Personalized Music, Music Intervention, Anxiety, Pain, Perioperative Nursing
Brief summary
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of a personalized music intervention on anxiety and pain in patients undergoing cataract surgery under local anesthesia. A total of 100 patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. Patients in the intervention group received a structured personalized music intervention during surgery based on their musical preferences, while patients in the control group received standard care. Anxiety was assessed before and immediately after surgery using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S), and pain was assessed immediately after surgery and two hours after surgery using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The study aimed to determine whether personalized music provided during cataract surgery could reduce patients' anxiety and pain compared with standard care.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALStructured Personalized Music Intervention
Participants received a structured personalized music intervention during cataract surgery. Music was individualized according to participant preferences using a structured assessment of music preferences. Instrumental music with a tempo of approximately 60-100 beats per minute was selected and delivered in the operating room for approximately 30 minutes during surgery, in addition to standard perioperative care.
Sponsors
Ege University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Masking description
Due to the nature of the intervention, participants, care providers, and outcome assessors were not blinded to group allocation.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
40 Years to 75 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Aged 40-75 years * Able to read and write * Able to speak and understand Turkish * No psychiatric or neurological diagnosis that could affect pain or anxiety * Willing to participate in the study
Exclusion criteria
* Communication problems * Communication impairment * Chronic pain * Psychiatric disorder * Substance or alcohol dependence * History of ear infection * Previous ocular surgery other than cataract surgery * Mature cataract, traumatic cataract, or other conditions considered likely to prolong surgery or increase the risk of complications * Complicated diabetes mellitus (polyneuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, or nephropathy) or HbA1c ≥8% (uncontrolled diabetes)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| State Anxiety Level Assessed Using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) | Approximately 1 hour before surgery and immediately after surgery | State anxiety was assessed using the 20-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S), with total scores ranging from 20 to 80. Higher scores indicate greater levels of state anxiety. STAI-S was administered approximately 1 hour before surgery and immediately after surgery to evaluate perioperative state anxiety. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Intensity Assessed Using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | Immediately after surgery and 2 hours after surgery | Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain), with higher scores indicating greater pain intensity. Pain was assessed immediately after surgery and 2 hours after surgery to evaluate postoperative pain. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORKübra Yigit Gökbel, MSc
Ege University, Faculty of Nursing
Outcome results
None listed