Cigarette Smoking, Impaired Ventilatory Function, Respiratory Function in Adult Smokers
Conditions
Brief summary
Statement of the problem: Does the pyramidal aerobic training affect ventilatory function parameters in smokers? Null hypothesis: Pyramidal aerobic training has no significant effect on ventilatory function parameters (such as Forced Vital Capacity \[FVC\], Forced Expiratory Volume in one second \[FEV₁\], and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate \[PEFR\]) in adult smokers.
Detailed description
This randomized controlled trial evaluates the effect of an eight-week pyramidal aerobic training program on ventilatory function in cigarette smokers. Forty male cigarette smokers aged 18 to 28 years will be randomly allocated to either a pyramidal aerobic training group or a control group. The intervention group will perform treadmill-based pyramidal aerobic training three times per week for eight consecutive weeks. Each session will include a warm-up, pyramidal aerobic training with ascending and descending intensity levels, and a cool-down. Training intensity will range from 20% to 80% of the participant's target heart rate calculated using the Karvonen formula. Ventilatory function will be assessed by spirometry, while functional capacity, health-related quality of life, and smoking abstinence self-efficacy will also be assessed at baseline and after the intervention.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALPyramidal Aerobic Training
Pyramidal aerobic training performed on a motorized treadmill three times per week for eight consecutive weeks. Each session consists of 5 minutes of warm-up, 20 minutes of pyramidal aerobic training with 5 ascending and 5 descending intensity levels, each lasting 2 minutes, followed by 5 minutes of cool-down. Training intensity ranges from 20% to 80% of the participant's target heart rate calculated using the Karvonen formula, with heart rate monitored using a pulse oximeter.
Sponsors
Cairo University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Participants will be randomly assigned into two parallel groups: a pyramidal aerobic training group and a control group.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 28 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Cigarette smoker males aged from 18 to 28 years. * Smoking index = 50. * Sedentary lifestyle. * BMI between 18.5 and 29.9 kg/m². * Cigarette smokers demonstrate mild to moderate impairment in ventilatory function confirmed by baseline spirometry. * SASEQ (Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy Questionnaire) moderate self-efficacy, score from 9 to 16. * Cigarette smokers are able and willing to participate in aerobic training sessions
Exclusion criteria
* Patients diagnosed with chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma. * Patients with cardiovascular diseases or other systemic illnesses that contraindicate exercise. * Patients who experienced recent respiratory infections within the last 4 weeks. * Patients currently engaged in regular structured aerobic or respiratory training programs.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| FEV1/FVC Ratio | Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention |
| Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) | Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention |
| Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) | Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention |
| Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) | Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Health-Related Quality of Life (SF-12) | Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention | — |
| Functional Capacity (VO2max) | Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention | — |
| Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SASEQ) Score | Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention | Smoking abstinence self-efficacy will be assessed using the Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SASEQ). The questionnaire score ranges from 9 to 16, with higher scores indicating greater smoking abstinence self-efficacy. |
Countries
Egypt
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORTarek Taha Fathy
Cairo University
Outcome results
None listed