Obesity
Conditions
Keywords
obesity, nutrigenetics, genetic variation, low-energy high-protein diet, genetic score, gens-hipro
Brief summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether a genetic score (Gens-HiPro) acts as a response modifier for weight loss, body composition changes, and biochemical parameters in obese adults undergoing a low-energy high-protein diet intervention. The main questions it aims to answer is: Does the genetic score (Gens-HiPro) modify responses to changes in weight, body composition, and biochemical parameters following a 12-week low-energy high-protein diet? Participants will: * Undergo initial screening to determine eligibility based on inclusion and exclusion criteria * Complete baseline data measurement, including demographic data, anthropometric measurements (weight, BMI, body composition), biochemical blood analysis (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, CRP), dietary assessment. * Attend a small-group educational session on general guidelines, portion control, plate model ("Isi Piringku"), and food weighing techniques for a low-energy high-protein diet. * Receive a 60-90 minute nutritional counseling session led by a dietitian at the start of intervention * Follow the prescribed 12-week low-energy high-protein diet, supported by an active messaging channel on weekdays for daily dietary consultations * Participate in at least three in-person monitoring and evaluation visits scheduled every 3-4 weeks (at weeks 4, 8, and 12 or weeks 4, 7, 10 and 12) * Complete post-intervention evaluations at the end of week 12, repeating all baseline anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary assessments.
Detailed description
Subjects will be stratified or analyzed based on their genetic profile using the Gens-HiPro score to evaluate gene-diet interactions on weight loss outcomes. Gens-HiPro Genetic Score: A genetic risk score calculated as the sum of the products of each selected single nucleotide variant's (SNV) allele score and its respective effect size (mean difference \[MD\] in weight loss between allele groups). The selected genetic variants were screened and identified through a systematic review and meta-analysis, including: APOA1 rs670, CB2R/CNR2 rs3123554, FTO rs1421085, FTO rs9939609, MC4R rs17782313, and MTNR1B rs10830963. An allele score of 0 is assigned if a specific genetic variant falls into the genotype group with a smaller mean difference in weight loss. An allele score of 1 is assigned if the variant falls into the genotype group with a larger mean difference. The effect size represents the mean difference in weight loss, calculated by subtracting the mean weight loss of the genotype group with the smaller MD from the mean weight loss of the genotype group with the larger MD.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALLow-Energy High-Protein Diet
This intervention consists of a 12-week low-energy high-protein diet program delivered through structured behavioral and nutritional counseling. Nutrition care process: individual nutritional counseling, one-on-one counseling session conducted by a registered dietitian. The dietary regimen is prescribed with an energy deficit of 500-750 kcal/day, ensuring a minimum daily energy intake of 1.200 kcal/day for women and 1.500 kcal/day for men. Macronutrient distribution is targeted at 1.2-1.6 g/kg adjusted body weight for protein, 20-30% of total energy for fat, and 45-55% of total energy for carbohydrates. Genetic profiling using the Gens-HiPro score is conducted to evaluate its role as a modifier of outcome responses in weight loss, body composition, and biochemical parameters.
Sponsors
Gadjah Mada University
Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
single-arm, one-group pre-post interventional study
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Adult males or females aged 18 - 40 years. * Classified as obese with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 27 - 35 kg/m² and a waist circumference of ≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women. * Willing to adhere to the prescribed low-energy high-protein diet. * Willing to undergo anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, lipid profile testing, and genetic variation screening. * Signed the written informed consent form.
Exclusion criteria
* Having chronic diseases that affect metabolism or body weight. * Diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD). * Currently pregnant, lactating, or planning a pregnancy during the study period. * Currently participating in an intensive weight loss program or receiving pharmacological therapy for weight loss within the last 3 months.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Body Weight | 12 weeks | Body weight refers to the total body mass of the subject, measured using a weighing scale in kilograms (kg). The change in body weight is calculated as the difference between the body weight value at the baseline of the intervention (Week 0) and the end of the intervention (Week 12). (Scale: Ratio) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Body Mass Index (BMI) | 12 weeks | Body Mass Index is the ratio of the subject's body weight in kilograms divided by the square of their height in meters (kg/m²). The change in BMI is calculated as the difference between the BMI value at the baseline of the intervention (Week 0) and the end of the intervention (Week 12). (Scale: Ratio) |
| Change in Fat Mass | 12 weeks | Fat mass is the total amount of fat present in the subject's body, measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). The change in fat mass is calculated as the difference between the fat mass value in kg at the baseline of the intervention (Week 0) and the end of the intervention (Week 12). (Scale: Ratio) |
| Change in Muscle Mass | 12 weeks | Muscle mass refers to the total amount of muscle (skeletal muscle mass) in the subject's body, measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). The change in muscle mass is calculated as the difference between the muscle mass value in kg at the baseline of the intervention (Week 0) and the end of the intervention (Week 12). (Scale: Ratio) |
| Change in Visceral Fat | 12 weeks | isceral fat is the fat stored within the abdominal cavity that surrounds the subject's internal organs, measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). The change in visceral fat mass is calculated as the difference between the visceral fat mass value at the baseline of the intervention (Week 0) and the end of the intervention (Week 12). (Scale: Ratio) |
| Change in Waist Circumference | 12 weeks | Waist circumference is a simple physical measurement taken using a measuring tape (metline) around the abdomen to estimate central obesity, reported in centimeters (cm). The change in waist circumference is calculated as the difference between the waist circumference value at the baseline of the intervention (Week 0) and the end of the intervention (Week 12). (Scale: Ratio) |
Countries
Indonesia
Contacts
CONTACTYovita Puri Subardjo, S.Gz., Dietisien, MPH
Outcome results
None listed