Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Use
Conditions
Keywords
motivational interviewing, Transtheoretical Model, Nursing Students, Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Use, Smoking Behavior
Brief summary
Smoking is one of the leading preventable public health problems worldwide, particularly among young adults who are at increased risk of nicotine dependence. Nursing students represent an important target population because, as future health professionals, they are expected to play a significant role in tobacco control and smoking cessation counseling. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is one of the most widely used theoretical frameworks for promoting health behavior change. The aim of this study will be to determine the effect of Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing on changing smoking behavior among nursing students. This study will be planned as a single-group, quasi-experimental pretest-posttest intervention. Nursing students who smoke cigarettes and voluntarily agree to participate will be included in the study. At baseline, participants will complete a Demographic Information Form, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, the Stages of Change questionnaire, the Self-Efficacy/Temptation Scale, the Processes of Change Scale, and the Decisional Balance Scale. Participants will receive Transtheoretical Model-based educational sessions and motivational interviewing interventions focusing on the health effects of smoking, reasons for smoking, the benefits of smoking cessation, identification of social support resources, relapse prevention strategies, and successful smoking cessation experiences. The Stages of Change questionnaire will be administered before each motivational interviewing session, and all outcome measures will be reassessed during follow-up evaluations. The study is expected to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing in reducing smoking behavior, decreasing nicotine dependence, promoting progression through the stages of change, improving self-efficacy, enhancing the use of behavioral change processes, and supporting smoking cessation among nursing students.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALTranstheoretical Model-Based Motivational Interviewing
Participants will receive a Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing intervention to promote smoking behavior change and smoking cessation. Face-to-face motivational interviewing sessions will be conducted by a researcher trained in motivational interviewing. According to the intervention protocol, participants may receive between two and six sessions depending on their readiness to change, individual needs, and continued participation throughout the study. The intervention will include counseling and education on smoking-related health risks, smoking cessation, motivation enhancement, self-efficacy, behavior change strategies, social support, and relapse prevention. Participants' stage of change will be assessed before each session, and the intervention will be tailored accordingly. Outcomes will be evaluated using validated instruments measuring smoking behavior, nicotine dependence, stages of change, self-efficacy, and behavior change processes.
Sponsors
Meral Feratoğlu Research
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
All participants will receive the same Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing intervention. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and during follow-up assessments to evaluate changes in smoking behavior and related behavioral outcomes.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Nursing students currently enrolled in the study setting. * Aged 18 years or older. * Current cigarette smokers. * No self-reported health condition that would prevent participation in the intervention. * Willing and able to provide informed consent and participate in the study.
Exclusion criteria
* Inability to complete all planned stages of the study. * Withdrawal of consent or voluntary discontinuation from the study at any time.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Smoking Behavior | Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months) | The primary outcome is the change in smoking behavior following the Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing intervention. Smoking behavior will be evaluated by the average number of cigarettes smoked per day and smoking cessation status. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Nicotine Dependence | Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month later), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months later) | Nicotine dependence will be assessed using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). The total score ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating a higher level of nicotine dependence. |
| Change in Processes of Change | Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment( 1 month later), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months later) | Behavioral change processes will be assessed using the Processes of Change Scale. The total score ranges from 22 to 110, with higher scores indicating greater use of behavioral change processes related to smoking cessation. |
| Change in Self-Efficacy/Temptation for Smoking Cessation | Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month later), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months later) | Self-efficacy related to smoking cessation will be assessed using the Self-Efficacy/Temptation Scale. The scale consists of 8 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with a total score ranging from 8 to 40. Higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy and greater confidence in the ability to refrain from smoking in situations that may trigger the urge to smoke. |
| Change in Decisional Balance | Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month later), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months later) | Decisional balance related to smoking cessation will be assessed using the Decisional Balance Scale. The scale consists of 12 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with a total score ranging from 12 to 60. Higher scores indicate greater perceived importance of the benefits and barriers of change and greater engagement in the decision-making process related to smoking cessation. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
CONTACTSevim Meral Feratoğlu, MSc
Outcome results
None listed